Effect of Cinnamon Verum Extract on Growth and Antibiofilm Activity of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of nursing, Technical Institute of Baquba, Middle Technical University, Baquba 32001,Diyala, Iraq

2 Ministry of Education, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Pathogenic bacterial species, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae, are significant contributors to infections in patients. These bacteria are commonly isolated from infection environments such as sputum, urine, and urinary catheters. The ability of K. pneumoniae to form biofilms is a major factor contributing to its pathogenicity, as biofilms impede the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the biofilm-forming ability of K. pneumoniae isolates and evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of cinnamon extract as a potential therapeutic agent. Methods: Samples were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, between September and December 2022. Fifty isolates of K. pneumoniae were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer method with ten antibiotics. The ability of isolates to form biofilms was determined and categorized into strong, moderate, and weak biofilm-forming groups. The effect of cinnamon extract on bacterial growth and biofilm formation was evaluated at various concentrations (128 μg/ml to 1024 μg/ml) by measuring zones of inhibition and biofilm reduction. Results: The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that 98% of the isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin, while 94% were sensitive to Imipenem. Of the 50 isolates, 32 demonstrated biofilm-forming ability, with 15 showing strong biofilm formation. Cinnamon extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 10.8±1.3 mm to 22.8±0.3 mm at increasing concentrations. Biofilm formation in strong biofilm-producing isolates was significantly reduced, with a reduction from 0.0604 ± 0.056 to 0.114 ± 0.028. Conclusion: Cinnamon extract demonstrated a considerable antibacterial and antibiofilm effect against K. pneumoniae, highlighting its potential as an alternative therapeutic agent to combat biofilm-associated infections.

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