Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
2
Department of Periodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
4
Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
5
Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
6
Department of Physics, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India
7
PROFESSOR AND HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, Amity University Punjab SAS NAGAR Punjab India
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic dermatological condition characterized by immune system dysfunction, resulting from a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. It presents as distinct erythematous plaques visible on the skin, but reliable biomarkers for monitoring the disease and assessing treatment efficacy are lacking. Saliva, a biological fluid crucial for oral health, contains various microbial communities and inflammatory markers. It is easy to collect, store, and analyze. Oral fluids are highly beneficial for biomarker research due to their non-invasive and rapid nature. Research has indicated differences in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulin A, and antioxidant markers between the saliva of healthy individuals and those with psoriasis. In gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), psoriasis patients exhibited higher levels of S100A8, IL-18, and sE-selectin compared to healthy controls, regardless of periodontal health. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, suggesting that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants could serve as valuable diagnostic factors. Further in this review article we have analysed literature on the composition of the salivary microbiota and salivary levels of inflammation‐related proteins (neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin [NGAL] and transferrin) in patients with psoriasis as compared to values obtained in patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls.
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