Isolation and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli with evaluation of Sidr honey, rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory, as an alternative therapeutic agent.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 International Islamic center for population studies and research Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Sidr honey is one of the best sources of bioactive substances with remarkable pharmacological qualities. Different botanical compounds and various elements make up honey's composition. Several variables affect how many of these components are present in honey, geographical setting, the flower’s location, the season, and the procedures that were used. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and cytotoxicity of Egyptian Sidr honey, with a particular focus on its potential against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Methods: Egyptian Sidr honey was obtained from Saini and extracted using methanol. Analyzed using HPLC to detect the levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. On the other hand, 200 semen samples were collected from participants in El-Hussien Hospital in Egypt and screened for bacterial infections. The most resistant strain was identified using genetics tools. Sidr honey extract was examined for its antibacterial impact on multidrug-resistant bacterial stains. The antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory effects of Sidr honey were tested using in vitro validated methods. Results: Sidr honey contained twelve different phenolic compounds, with vanillic acid being the compound present in the highest concentration. Additionally, there were nine different flavonoids, with kaempferol being the common molecule found in both groups (phenolic compounds and flavonoids).While various bacteria could be seen in the semen samples, where 43% were Gram-positive microbes and only 57% had Gram-negative bacteria. E. coli was the most resistant bacterium, identified and deposited in the gene with the accession number PQ637169. Sidr honey extract showed a promising antibacterial action towards E. coli with an inhibition  diameter of 2.6±0.5 mm, an antioxidant value with IC50 = 3.41 ±0.3 µg/ml, an anti-inflammatory role with IC50 = 3.41 ±0.3 µg/ml, and minimal toxicity towards Vero cells, where CC50 is 22.2±1.2 µg/ml. Conclusion: Egyptian Sidr honey had large variations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and a promising potential versus multidrug-resistant E. coil isolated from Egyptian patients and it could be applied as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with high safety towards normal cells. 

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