Menacing rise: MDR and ESBL trends in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the respiratory tract in a tertiary care hospital, western Uttar Pradesh, India

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Microbiology, School of medical sciences and research (SMS&R), Sharda University, knowledge park 3, Gautam Buddha Nagar, India

Abstract

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are among the most common health problems worldwide. Infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates result in high mortality and morbidity due to antibiotic resistance. The aim of this article was to study the prevalence of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) among respiratory samples and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns to various classes of antibiotics. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of MDR and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted from March 2022 to March 2023. A total of 1291 respiratory samples were processed during the study. The ESBL-producing isolates were detected using the combined disk diffusion method. Results: Of the 1291 respiratory samples, 43.45% (561/1291) showed pure growth, and the remaining samples were excluded. Among the 561 pure growth-positive specimens, 68.63% (385/561) exhibited GNB growth, whereas 31.73% (176/561) exhibited gram positive cocci (GPC). Out of the total 385 isolates, 221 (57.40%) were MDR, among which Acinetobacter spp. were predominant (32.71%). ESBL production was detected in 20% (77/385) of the total GNB pathogens, among which E. coli was most common (58.33%). The highest rates of resistance were observed for cephalosporins (76.58%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (77.66%). Conclusion: The findings suggest that most gram-negative bacteria are MDR and ESBL producers. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the bacterial etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of RTIs. This can help in developing facility-specific antibiotic policies for both CAP and HAP patients, as well as improving patient outcomes.

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Microbes and Infectious Diseases

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 22 July 2024

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