Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Medical Laboratory Department, Edo State University, Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria
2
Medical Laboratory Department, Nigerian Navy Hospital, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria
3
Public Health Department, Torrens University, Adelaide, Australia
Abstract
Background: HIV remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in regions with limited resources like Nigeria. HIV-1 and HIV-2, the predominant serotypes globally, exhibit distinct distributions and transmission patterns. Understanding their prevalence is crucial for targeted interventions in Nigeria, where both serotypes coexist. Aim and Objective: This cross-sectional study conducted in Warri aimed to elucidate the epidemiological landscape of HIV serotypes, genetic factors associated with the virus, and their clinical implications. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Warri, Nigeria, from January to June 2022, involved 585 participants aged 18 years and older, selected via multistage sampling from four residential areas. Structured questionnaires gathered sociodemographic data, and HIV screening used rapid tests, with positive samples serotyped by RT-PCR. Results: Results revealed no significant gender disparity in HIV prevalence (males: 5.8%, females: 10.4%). HIV-1 prevalence rose notably with age (4.2% in 18-29 years, 15.2% in ≥40 years, p=0.085). Divorced/widowed individuals exhibited the highest HIV prevalence (19.6%), suggesting marital status influences. Age-related changes in creatinine and ALT levels were significant among HIV patients, indicating evolving renal and liver functions. Genetic associations varied by gender and age but generally lacked statistical significance. Ethical guidelines governed all study aspects. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study underscores the complex interplay of demographic, clinical, and genetic factors influencing HIV prevalence in Warri, Nigeria, highlighting the need for targeted public health strategies.
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