Characterization and neutralizing potential of plasma-derived immunoglobulins in hepatitis C virus patients in Auchi, Nigeria: Implications for passive immunization

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Medical Laboratory Science Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria

2 Public Health Department, Torrens University Adelaide, Australia

3 College of Nursing Eleyele, Ibadan, Nigeria

4 Nursing Science Department, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a substantial public health concern in Nigeria, with prevalence estimates of 1-2% in the general population. While direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is the standard treatment, passive immunization utilizing plasma-derived medicinal immunoglobulins emerges as a potential adjunctive or alternative approach. However, the distribution and therapeutic potential of these immunoglobulins, particularly in Nigeria, still need to be studied. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to assess the pattern of plasma-derived medicinal immunoglobulins in HCV-infected patients in Auchi, Nigeria, and evaluate their suitability for passive immunization. Materials and Methods: Immunoglobulin subtypes, including IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE, were isolated and quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). HCV-specific antibodies within each subtype were identified, and neutralization assays were conducted to assess their capacity to neutralize HCV particles. Results:  The study revealed a predominance of IgG antibodies (100%), with a mean titer of 1:8,000 against HCV-specific antigens, suggesting robust humoral immune responses. Additionally, IgM (90.7%) and IgA (69.3%) antibodies were prevalent, with moderate neutralizing capacities observed. IgG antibodies demonstrated the highest neutralization capacity (mean: 80%), supporting their potential for passive immunization. Conclusion:  These findings underscore the viability of plasma-derived immunoglobulins for passive immunization against HCV in Nigeria, highlighting the need for further research to optimize region-specific therapeutic strategies. This study lays the foundation for tailored immunoglobulin therapies targeting prevalent HCV genotypes to enhance treatment accessibility and improve clinical outcomes in Nigeria.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 03 July 2024

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