Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from lower respiratory tract among patients attending Aminu Kano teaching hospital, Kano State, Nigeria.

Usman, Nazeef Idris; Habeeblah, Akewula; Ajeniyi, Akewula Munirudeen; Abubakar, Bashir Mohammed; Moi, Ibrahim Musa

doi:10.21608/mid.2024.269005.1794

Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from lower respiratory tract among patients attending Aminu Kano teaching hospital, Kano State, Nigeria.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bauchi State University Gadau, P.M.B. O65, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria

² Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bauchi State University Gadau, PMB 065, Bauchi

10.21608/mid.2024.269005.1794

Abstract

Background:

Globally, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) account for around 50 million deaths annually. Here, we identified the bacterial profile of LRTIs and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern in patients visiting Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods

LRTI patients were the subjects of a cross-sectional study design. Samples of sputum were gathered and cultivated following standard microbiological protocols. The isolated specimens were identified by biochemical techniques and validated through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) directed towards the 16S rRNA gene. After that, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on the isolates. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the correlations between the dependent and independent variables using bivariate, multiple logistic regression, and Chi-square models.

Results

Fifty 50 (13.02%) of the 384 participant sputum samples tested positive for the bacterial isolates in a culture. The most common isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 25 (50.0%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 16 (32.0%). Antibiotics such as amoxicillin (90%), sulfamethoprim (84%), ciprofloxacin (58%), ceftazidime (70%), and ceftriaxone (40%) were sensitive to gram-positive bacteria, whereas ceftriaxone (90%) and sulfamethoprim (60%) were sensitive to gram-negative bacteria. LRTIs acquired in the study area are three times more common in individuals who have recently used antibiotics (16.7%) than in those who have not (4.9%) [AOR (95% CI): 3.915 (1.512–10.138)].

Conclusion

The study area showed a high prevalence of infections and drug resistance to common drugs. Therefore, effective control of LRTIs requires susceptibility testing and culture.

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