Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Science Laboratory Technology Faculty of Life Sciences P.M.B 1154 university of Benin, Benin City, Edo State
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria
4
department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University. Zaria Nigeria
5
Department of pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University.Sokoto State
6
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of histoplasmosis, a dimorphic fungal disease. The study aimed at determining prevalence and susceptibility pattern of Histoplasma capsulatum among patients with pulmonary infection in Northern Nigeria. Material and Methods: This is a cross sectional and hospital-based study. Samples were collected from patients and questionnaires were administered. Three hundred and twenty-two sputum samples were collected and analysed with standard microbiological methods. The use of lactophenol cotton blue dye, revealed the presence of yeast like cells. Varieties differentiation was done by urease test. Sociodemographic and risk factors associated with histoplasmosis were determined by administering questionnaires to participants. Antifungal E-test strips were used to determine the susceptibility and data analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 at 5% significance level. Results: Histoplasma var. duboisii was isolated with 18(5.59 %) prevalence. Geriatric age (12.5 %), had the highest prevalence among the age groups in the study. Males (8.07 %), having high prevalence than females (3.10 %). The married and Civil servants had 6.25 %, and 8.69 % prevalence respectively and statistically associated with histoplasmosis. The immunocompromised and traders among the risk factors considered in the study, has an odd ratio of 1.026 and 1.060. Amphotericin B was most effective in this study. Conclusion: Histoplasmosis mimics tuberculosis in clinical presentations, hence, should be diagnosed alongside tuberculosis infection before commencement of therapy, awareness campaign, public policy should be made by the government on its presence and how to tackle the disease alongside AIDS and Tuberculosis.
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