Prevalence of disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum in pulmonary infection patients, attending National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Centre, Saye – Nigeria

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Science Laboratory Technology Faculty of Life Sciences P.M.B 1154 university of Benin, Benin City, Edo State

2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Kaduna State, Nigeria

3 Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria

4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science , Baze University, Abuja- Nigeria

5 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Histoplasmosis is a fungus disease caused by a dimorphic organism called Histoplasma capsulatum, it is endemic in United States, Asia, and Africa. Inoculation is through inhalation of infectious spores. Histoplasmosis is missed in diagnosis because it mimics tuberculosis in clinical presentations and not all patients suffering from tuberculosis are tuberculosis patients. The aim is to determine the prevalence of disseminated histoplasmosis among patients with pulmonary infections. Method: This is cross sectional and hospital based. Samples were collected from patients and questionnaires were administered. Three hundred and twenty-two (322) urine samples were aseptically collected in urine tubes and analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect the presence of galactomannan in the urine samples. Results: Out of 322 samples analyzed, 12 (3.74 %) were positive for the presence of galactomannan while 310 (96.27 %) were negative. Participants of the geriatric age group had the highest prevalence of 12.5 %. Male 8.07 % were more prone to histoplasmosis disease than their female 3.10 % counterpart. The married displayed a high prevalence value of 6.25 % than singles 2.25 % and the divorced 3.57 % and framer were demonstrated a high value of 7.69 % prevalence. Among the risk factors trader had an odd ratio of 3.800 and chest discomfort 1.037 % is a disease symptom associated with histoplasmosis. Conclusion: Disseminated histoplasmosis occur among the study participants through low in prevalence, awareness of its presence should be known to the general public and clinician, diagnosis of histoplasmosis is be done along that of Tuberculosis because it can be co-infection with Tuberculosis for proper treatment regime.

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