The Role of armed conflict in driving antimicrobial resistance: Examining the overlooked links

Document Type : Mini-review article

Authors

1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, PMB 1157, Kebbi State, Nigeria

2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, PMB 1157, Kebbi State, Nigeria

3 Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Nigeria

4 Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge, complicating the treatment of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. Armed conflict is an underexplored and complex contributor to AMR, with numerous interrelated pathways influencing its emergence and dissemination. These mechanisms include the widespread use of antibiotics in conflict zones, inadequate infection control measures, the role of conflict-related injuries, and the breakdown of surveillance and monitoring systems. This study aims to investigate the relationship between armed conflict and AMR and to assess the extent and impact of this link on global health. Case studies, such as the Syrian civil war and the conflicts in Iraq over the past four decades, are utilized to illustrate the association between armed conflict and AMR. Recognizing and addressing this neglected aspect of AMR is essential for developing comprehensive strategies to combat its spread and preserve the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs. Further research is needed to fully understand the intricate relationship between armed conflict and AMR, which will ultimately contribute to the creation of more effective interventions and policy recommendations. This study serves as a critical step in raising awareness and stimulating discussion on the role of armed conflict in the ongoing battle against antimicrobial resistance.

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