Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors among patients presenting with symptoms of peptic ulcer in Akure metropolis

Abbah, Patience Iye; ADEBOLU, TINUOLA TOKUNBO; Oladejo, Babayemi Olawale

doi:10.21608/mid.2023.192688.1465

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors among patients presenting with symptoms of peptic ulcer in Akure metropolis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Microbiology, Department of Life Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

² DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY , AKURE, NIGERIA

³ Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

10.21608/mid.2023.192688.1465

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a causative agent of peptic ulcer which presently affects more than half of the world's population. This study determined H. pylori prevalence and risk variables among peptic ulcer patients in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: Two-hundred (200) study participants consented at local hospitals. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire collected socio-demographic and risk factor information from participants. Participants' blood samples were tested with a fast chromatographic immunoassay kit for H. pylori antibodies. Results: 73.5 %of the 200 tested subjects had H. pylori. Prevalence was greater among women (74.8%) than men (71.6%). The most heavily impacted age group for H. pylori infection is 21–30 years with 78.4% prevalence, while the least affected is 51–60 years with 66.7% prevalence. Married respondents (77.2%) had a greater prevalence of H. pylori than singles (71.1%). The difference in prevalence rate based on individuals' education and occupation was not statistically significant (p=0.407 and 0.999, respectively). Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly associated with NSAID use (X2= 8.917, p=<0.001), smoking (X2=4.988, p=0.02), residing in a crowded room (X2=4.439, p=0.03), and a family history of peptic ulcer (X2=19.70, p=<0.0001). Conclusion: This study found substantial H. pylori prevalence among peptic ulcer patients. Helicobacter pylori testing should be considered relevant in clinical practice, especially in patients with peptic ulcer symptoms, and not only antacid prescriptions. For efficient patient treatment and to prevent chronic gastritis and stomach cancer, H. pylori must be thoroughly investigated and treated.

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