Identification of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causing hospital-acquired infections in Suez Canal University Hospitals, Egypt by detection of its major virulence determinants
Background:Community acquired methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is emerging in hospitals, worldwide. Method: In Suez Canal University Hospitals(SCUH), we documented CA-MRSA causing hospital acquired- (HA-) sepsis, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of CA-MRSA major virulence determinant genes, namely: Panton-Valentine leukocidin "pvl", accessory regulator "agr" I and III, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec "SCCmec" genes IV and V. Antibiograms were determined by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus was detected in 90 hospital acquired infections (HAIs), including bacteremia, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infections, and meningitis. Pvl gene, characterizing CA-MRSA, was detected in 24/90 MRSA strains (26.7%). Pvl+ve strains were subtyped into SCCmec gene type II (8.3%), type IV (75%), type V (8.3%), and 8.3% were non-typeable. They showed only agr group I (62.5%), and III (37.5%). Co-trimoxazole resistance was detected in 41.6% of CA-MRSA. Only 12.5% of CA-MRSA strains were susceptible to all non-beta-lactam drugs. There was no statistical correlation between SCCmec or agr groups, and co-trimoxazole resistance in CA-MRSA; nor between SCCmec types and agr groups. Conclusion: Community aquired-MRSA is emerging in all wards of SCU hospitals, causing HAI, mostly soft tissue infections. The classical antibiogram of CA-MRSA is no longer prevailing. Diagnosis of CA-MRSA should rely upon detection of pvl gene, rather that clinical and antibiogram-profiles. The name "CA-MRSA" is no longer satisfactory to describe such strains in hospital settings; instead, Pvl +ve MRSA is more accurate and reliable term to use.
Al sweify, M., Raheel, A., Aboul-Atta, H., El-Hadidy, G., & Hessam, W. (2021). Identification of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causing hospital-acquired infections in Suez Canal University Hospitals, Egypt by detection of its major virulence determinants. Microbes and Infectious Diseases, 2(4), 715-724. doi: 10.21608/mid.2020.41062.1057
MLA
Mohamed A Al sweify; Atef Raheel; Hassan Aboul-Atta; Gehan El-Hadidy; Waheed Hessam. "Identification of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causing hospital-acquired infections in Suez Canal University Hospitals, Egypt by detection of its major virulence determinants". Microbes and Infectious Diseases, 2, 4, 2021, 715-724. doi: 10.21608/mid.2020.41062.1057
HARVARD
Al sweify, M., Raheel, A., Aboul-Atta, H., El-Hadidy, G., Hessam, W. (2021). 'Identification of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causing hospital-acquired infections in Suez Canal University Hospitals, Egypt by detection of its major virulence determinants', Microbes and Infectious Diseases, 2(4), pp. 715-724. doi: 10.21608/mid.2020.41062.1057
VANCOUVER
Al sweify, M., Raheel, A., Aboul-Atta, H., El-Hadidy, G., Hessam, W. Identification of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causing hospital-acquired infections in Suez Canal University Hospitals, Egypt by detection of its major virulence determinants. Microbes and Infectious Diseases, 2021; 2(4): 715-724. doi: 10.21608/mid.2020.41062.1057
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