Zagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Analysis of the Omicron virus cases using data mining methods in rapid miner applications32333429451610.21608/mid.2023.194619.1469ENJohanes FernandesAndryDepartment of Information Systems, Universitas Bunda Mulia, Jakarta, IndonesiaHendyTannadyUniversitas Multimedia Nusantara, Banten, IndonesiaGlisinaDwinoor RembulanDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Bunda Mulia, Jakarta,DavidFreggy DinataDepartment of Engineering, Universitas Bunda Mulia, Jakarta,Journal Article20230218<strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> Omicron has respiratory problems and pneumonia in general and specific terms. This pandemic was ravaging all countries in the world. This virus outbreak had new types to appear or so-called new variants that are still being studied by experts. Computer-assisted methods (includes smart intelligence systems, algorithms, and data mining) is key solution for detecting variants of virus. <strong>Methods:</strong> In present study, it discussed and analyzed the omicron variant which is one of the variants of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). It’s a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). The emergence of this Omicron variant of COVID-19, raised more concern in the world because of its dangerous ability and the high level of spread of omicron cases. Analysis using the k-means algorithm in order to determine the level of distribution of the virus variant. <strong>Result</strong>: From the results and outputs found in this method, it is concluded that this method is used to divide the data into 3 clusters of case distribution of the Omicron variant which has been understood as a level in the distribution of cases where cluster 0 is low level, cluster 1 is high level, and cluster 2 is medium level. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Therefore, this data mining method with special clustering and data-mining techniques give the highest number of virus distributions in which countries and divide some countries into several clusters.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_294516_c778981c661f0689773a828263045446.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Clinical characteristics of post-vaccination COVID-19 infection in health care workers exposed to Delta and Omicron variants in a COVID-19 dedicated facility from Qatar33534229051410.21608/mid.2023.197650.1479ENHumbertoGuanche GarcellInfection Control Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar0000-0001-7279-0062Angel MFelipe GarmendiaInfection Control Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar0000-0001-8682-5799Sandra IbisGonzalez PerezInfection Control Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, QatarAriadnaVillanueva AriasInfection Control Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar0000-0002-2535-0627YelenisRosello AlvarezInfection Control Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar0000-0001-5144-7353Miguel APaulino BasultoInfection Control Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar0000-0002-6772-3700Journal Article20230303<strong>Background:</strong> Evidence suggests that vaccines efficacy lies on the prevention of severe symptomatic disease. We aim to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection among healthcare professionals (HCPs) after vaccination, during periods of transmission of SARS CoV-2 variants in a COVID-19 dedicated facility. <strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study of HCPs confirmed with COVID-19 during the period March 2021 to Jan 2022 was conducted. Delta period (March-August 2021), and Omicron period (Dec 2021- Jan 2022) were defined. Clinical, laboratory, radiology and vaccination history was collected from electronic medical records. <strong>Results: </strong>COVID-19 infection was reported in 16 and 138 HCPs during the Delta and Omicron period respectively.By category the nurses predominate, and a significant contribution of the healthcare related transmission against the community-related one. Higher frequency of loss of taste (37.5% vs 4.3%), and loss of smell (43.8% vs 3.6%) was observed during Delta period. Myalgia (12.5% vs 37.7%), and sore throat (6.3% vs 55.8%) predominated in Omicron period. Bilateral ground-glass appearance of the lung was observed in 28.6% and 7.1% in the Delta and Omicron period, respectively. Higher cycle threshold values of the polymerase chain reaction test during Omicron period, in comparison with Delta period, was observed (22.98 vs 25.98). Time from previous vaccine dose to positive laboratory test was longer during the Delta period (131 vs 98.26 days). <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> SARS CoV-2 viral variants infections in HCPs were associated to selected clinical and epidemiological characteristics, with less severe disease for Omicron variant, and potential shorter duration of the immune response to vaccination.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_290514_837a4199262d2e1867c56e076852d41b.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Healthcare facilities’ level of preparedness response on COVID-19 preventive measures in selected regions of Tanzania: A perspective of healthcare workers34335628866110.21608/mid.2023.193210.1466ENEdwardMagweRuaha Catholic University, Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Department of pharmaceutical sciences P.O.Box 774 Iringa, Tanzania0000-0002-0017-7469Modest DiamondVarisangaThe Open University of Tanzania, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, P.O. Box 23409, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaSecilia KapalataNg’weshemiUniversity of Dodoma, College of Health Science, P.O. Box 854 Dodoma, TanzaniaJournal Article20230211<strong>Background:</strong> After the first patient of COVID-19 was announced by the Ministry of Health in Tanzania from Arusha region, the hottest discussion in the community was the fear on how our health facilities were prepared against the spread of coronavirus disease. <strong>Objective and significance:</strong> This study aims at assessing healthcare facilities level of preparedness response on preventive measures against COVID-19 in selected regions of Tanzania through the contributions of healthcare workers. This study will add value in building capacity to fight COVID-19 pandemic and possibly any other pandemic of similar significance in the future.<strong> Methods:</strong> Analytical cross-sectional study design which applied quantitative research strategy was conducted from August to October 2022. A total of 596 healthcare workers were involved in the study from 40 healthcare facilities in Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Arusha, and Dodoma regions of Tanzania. Descriptive statistics were analyzed by a statistical package SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) giving frequencies, percentages, and significant association between variables. <strong>Results:</strong> Overall level of preparedness was poor at 52%, only 25% of preventive measures were good prepared and 23% moderately prepared. Availability of hand washing station with soap and water to ensure hand hygiene for healthcare workers was most prepared by 87.1% while designated ambulance facility for transporting patients from isolation area to other COVID-19 referral facilities was less prepared by 30.4% in this study. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thepreparedness responses was poor in selected regions of Tanzania which cause less capacity to fight against COVID-19 whenever it emerges.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_288661_4aae2082bb305e999ce037e91953cbf9.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Spatial mapping of the incidence, case-fatality ratio and recovery rate of COVID-19 in West Bengal: A situational analysis35736929197310.21608/mid.2023.164770.1387ENBuddhadevHembramDepartment of Geography,The Uniersity of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.RatanPalDepartment of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.N.C.JanaDepartment of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.Journal Article20220923Information on the spatial and temporal distributions of COVID-19 cases is important for improved control, social distancing strategies and developing targeted prevention strategies. Towards this objective, we analyzed the spatial and temporal growth pattern of COVID-19 incidence and death counts in districts of West Bengal. This paper also analyzes the current trend or pattern of COVID-19 transmission in West Bengal. For this approach, COVID-19 data have been compiled from several sources, including the WHO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), and demographic data from Census of India (2011). This analytical study was conducted based on detailed data from 23 districts of West Bengal from May 31, 2020, till December 31, 2021. We used ArcGIS Software for map-making and different formulas to measure Incidence, CFR, and CRR, considering all possible scenarios. Up to December 31, 2021, Kolkata, the origin of the COVID-19 epidemic, had reported 337767 COVID-19 cases, while the confirmed cases in the surrounding districts North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, and Howrah were 337091, 104268, and 102048, respectively. The top five districts with the highest incidence were Kolkata (7.51%), Darjeeling (3.66%), North 24 Parganas (3.36%), Kalimpong (2.85%), and Jalpaiguri (1.79%), had high risks of COVID-19. Therefore, identification of the case fatality, recovery rates, and spatiotemporal trends should be the first step to evaluate disease severity and develop effective policies to manage and control any new epidemic. These results are informative locally and useful for the rest of the world.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_291973_d226c954cf3c2e091ecb8614e0acc2a4.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Clinical and laboratory predictors of disease severity and outcome in COVID 19 infected patients in Suez Canal University Hospital, single center study from Egypt37038228402910.21608/mid.2023.184185.1441ENKholoudAwdInfection and endemic disease department, faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptNaderElnemrInfection and endemic disease department, faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptMohamed AhmedAboelmagdInfection and endemic disease department, faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt0000-0002-0466-8628Mohamed MohamedEidaInfection and endemic disease department, faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptFadia MostafaAttiaClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptBassam MansourSalamaInfection and endemic disease department, faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt0000-0001-7073-4040Journal Article20221229<strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> The novel corona virus is a high contagious disease, <strong></strong>declared by World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic in 2020 with profound <strong></strong>impact on morbidity and mortality, assessment of outcomes in infected patients and <strong></strong>knowledge of prediction of mortality and morbidity are important. We aimed to assess <strong></strong>the clinical and laboratory findings in predicting COVID-19 severity and outcome in <strong></strong>patients admitted to Suez Canal University Teaching Hospital.<strong> Methodology</strong><strong>: </strong>This cross-sectional prospective study included 500 <strong></strong>confirmed PCR COVID-19 infected patients, selected through random sampling<strong></strong>. A <strong></strong>structured checklist was used to collect patient data.<strong> Results:</strong> Mean age was 61.8 years, 56.2% were males, 74.8% had <strong></strong>comorbidities. Lung involvement was evident in more than 75% on CT, 17.2% had <strong></strong>leukopenia, 42.2% had lymphocytopenia between 5 – 10% and 93% of the patients <strong></strong>had elevated neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio. 65.8% had elevated D-dimer, and elevated <strong></strong>liver and kidney functions were found in 40.6% and 25% respectively. The mortality <strong></strong>rate in studied population was 30.2% and it was significantly associated with old age, <strong></strong>hypoxemia, having high involvement of the lungs on CT. Decreased WBC count, <strong></strong>high D-dimer level and high NLR associated with severity and increased death rate of <strong></strong>the disease.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> The study revealed many findings with impact on the patient's severity and outcome old age, laboratory findings, CT imaging and need to antiviral therapy the most predicting factors of the <strong></strong>severity and prognosis of the patients.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_284029_e5d9fbcfd8b8c13e780078beb037d74b.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Rapid antigen test in diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 in a specialized care facility Urology and Nephrology center –Mansoura University38339229052410.21608/mid.2023.186452.1449ENBasma AOmarMicrobiology specialist, Microbiology laboratory, Urology and Nephrology Centre, Mansoura University.Noha TharwatAbou El-khierFaculty of Medicine, Mansoura University0000-0003-4978-0987Mohamed EMashalyNephrology specialist, Nephrology department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura UniversityMoatasem ElsayedGhoneimNephrology specialist, Nephrology department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura UniversityMuhammedElhadedyNephrology specialist, Nephrology department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University.Mohamed OsamaMegahedNephrology specialist, Nephrology department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura UniversityMohamedAltayyebMicrobiology specialist, Microbiology laboratory, Urology and Nephrology Centre, Mansoura University.AmlAbdelhadyNursing specialist, Infection control unit, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University.DouaaRaafatProfessor of Clinical pathology, Clinical pathology department, Mansoura University.Bassem SWadieProfessor of Urology, Director of Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University.Journal Article20230110<strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> <strong> </strong>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the benchmark in diagnosing of corona virus disease. It takes at least 4 hours. Multiple studies reported that rapid antigen test could be used. Their role in diagnosing corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is questionable. This study was conducted to assess the accuracy of rapid antigen test in Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University, Egypt. <strong>Methods: </strong>COVID-19 rapid ag test was evaluated in comparison to real time PCR as a gold standard in diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in employees and patients with respiratory symptoms in specialized care facility Urology and Nephrology Center of Mansoura University from March2020 till August 2021. Complete blood picture and non-contrast computerized tomography (CT) was done. <strong>Results:</strong> Eight hundred and eighty-four (884) individuals (median age 36 years) were included in this study: 478 healthcare workers, 217 non-healthcare workers, and 189 patients. PCR was positive in 569 samples and negative in 315. Out of 315 negative PCR samples, 8 were positive by rapid antigen test with a specificity of 97.4%. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rapid antigen tests in comparison to PCR test have a good accuracy in diagnosis in of COVID-19 infection and can be used during pandemics in low-resource areas.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_290524_7a7d9a5c129a2a1715aa792c6a997f77.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501The COVID-19 and iron-repertoire in an observational cross-sectional analytical study of Egyptian patients.39340028198510.21608/mid.2023.184087.1439ENMiraAtefHepatogastroentrology and Endemic Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.HalaRamadanInternal Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.0000-0003-3201-5429HananAbdel-HaleemHepatogastroentrology and Endemic Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Rasha AhmedAbdalazizHepatogastroentrology and Endemic Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.Aya MohamedAl-sharifHepatogastroentrology and Endemic Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Reem Ibrahim MohamedEl-KorashyPulmonary Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Youssef Mohamed AminSolimanPulmonary Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Sabah AhmedHusseinPulmonary Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Ahmed MohamedHashemNational Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.Manal MohamedKamalClinical and Chemical Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University,Egypt.Mona Mohsen AbdulsalamAbdullatifClinical and Chemical Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Mohammed MostafaAbdel RazikPublic health and Community Medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.AhmedRamadanHepatogastroentrology and Endemic Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20221228<strong>Background and rationale:</strong> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a respiratory tract infection because of a novel coronavirus. The clinical picture ranges from asymptomatic to severe manifestations mandating intensive care and respiratory support. We aimed to assess the serum level of iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation in COVID-19 patients and their relation to disease severity and outcome. <strong>Methodology: </strong>This observational cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 100 confirmed cases of COVID-19 who were admitted to Kasr Al-Ainy hospitals between June and December 2020.Serum levels of iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation were measured for all study populations. <strong>Result: </strong>One hundred patients were involved in this research, 51males and 49 females, with a mean age of 51±14.9years. Regarding the disease severity,53% were moderate cases, 34% were mild, and 13% were severe cases. Fifty-two (54.2%) patients showed normal serum levels of iron, 38 patients (39.6%) showed high serum levels of iron, and 6 patients (6.3%) showed low serum levels of iron. The mean ±SD values of iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation were 163.1±105 mcg/dL, 366 ± 162.6 mcg/dL, 44.4 ± 20.2 %, respectively. Iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels and transferrin saturation did not show a significant association as regards either COVID-19 severity or mortality. Mortality and deterioration were detected in 31.7% out of 60 patients with COVID-19. The results showed that obese patients showed a higher percentage of severe COVID-19,which was statistically significant (<em>p < /em>=0.037).There was a statistically significant higher mortality rate in patients with severe COVID-19 (<em>p < /em>=0.000).High mortality was observed significantly in patients with diabetes mellitus (<em>p < /em>=0.041).Iron levels, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels and transferrin saturation did not show a significant association regarding either COVID-19 severity or mortality. <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> In our study, COVID-19 severity was not related to iron metabolism but was affected by obesity and diabetes mellitus. COVID-19 mortality was significantly associated with diabetes.</em></em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_281985_dfd14d71555470318c5977de8d7e144e.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Effect of the severity of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy and delivery: A narrative review40140729350710.21608/mid.2023.200981.1489ENAli Hassan A.AlnasserDepartment of Research, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabial0000-0002-0081-1917Jasem Ahmad H.AlburaihDental Unit, Primary Health Centers Department, Al Ahsa Health Complex, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia0000-0001-6340-297XAbdulmonem Ali Y. AbuzaidAbuzaidDepartment of Microbiology, Secondly Forces Hospital Dammam, Dammam Saudi Arabia0000-0003-4784-8028Abdullah Mohammed M.Al ThomaliClinical pharmacist, King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia0000-0002-0329-8776Mohammed Faisal Y.AlkhazalDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia0000-0002-0224-9606Afnan Ahmed M.AlraddadiAlaqayt’s Healthcare Care Center, Ministry of Health, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia0000-0001-6718-2628Osama Ibrahim A.AlquaymiCollege of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia0000-0002-8104-8238Ebtisam Omayrah A.AljohaniCollege of pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia0000-0002-2542-7444Abdullah Ali A.AlrashedCollege of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia0000-0003-2321-1882Majid Muhsen S.AlsannaaCollege of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaSokainah Hasan H.AlmuhannaEmergency Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia0000-0002-8192-2036Zahra Ali H.Al MuailuCollege of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia0000-0003-4058-3733Jehad Abdulkareem A.AlrashidEnglish Department, College of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland0000-0002-2131-0927ZahraAl-MubarakCollege of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia0000-0003-4633-0390Yousef Yaqoub Y.AlasmakhDepartment of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20230319<strong>Background:</strong> Pregnant women with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are more likely than non-pregnant women to develop severe COVID-19 complications. In addition, COVID-19 is linked to unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Due to the lack of effective COVID-19 treatment, it is critical to assess geographic differences and trends in current clinical care and the effect of COVID-19 on pregnant women. This review aims to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in COVID-19 pregnancies. We searched the Medline database for research papers from January 2019 to December 31, 2021. Eleven studies of systematic, meta-analysis, review, and cohort designs were included with searched keywords {Pregnancy AND COVID [MeSH Terms]}. This study summarizes the maternal characteristics, vertical Transmission, maternal and neonatal outcomes, the rate of cesarean section, comorbidities, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission rate, mode of delivery, type of anesthesia, the average hospital length of stay (HLOS), the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, chest x‐ray and CT scan findings, treatments, and outcomes over time.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_293507_b9ceb10dc3881073dc2f38388eccb6ef.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501WU and KI polyomaviruses40841429692110.21608/MID.2022.163178.1386ENHusam HusseinLazimCollege of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University
Iraq- Baghdad0000-0001-7188-5190Asmaa BaqirAl-ObaidiCollege of medicine – Al-Nahrain University / Iraq-Baghdad0000-0001-9441-9969Journal Article20220919<strong>Background:</strong> In 2007, two novel human polyomaviruses were reported, the Karolinska Institute polyomavirus (KI) and the Washington University polyomavirus (WU), both were discovered in respiratory tract samples from individuals with acute respiratory tract infections, and they were categorized among Polyomaviridae family. Both viruses were detected in specimens from patients with respiratory tract disease on all continents suggesting a worldwide distribution. Serological studies have shown that similarly to BK and JC, infection with the new polyomaviruses KI, WU is common in the general population.
Primary infection probably occurs early in childhood, as suggested by the seroprevalence in young people (<21 years of age), which is similar to that of adults. KI and WU polyomaviruses have been detected in respiratory samples from children and adult patients with acute respiratory symptoms from around the world. And some studies also found that there is a relationship between these two viruses and some other diseases.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_296921_6cfec5e88130980fe4adbd812e44c941.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Viruses and male infertility: Where we are now?41541727047610.21608/mid.2022.172710.1410ENFalah Hasan ObayesAL-KhikaniDepartment of microbiology, Al- Shomali general hospital, Babylon. Medical technique department, College of medical technique, The Islamic University, Babylon, Iraq0000-0002-8890-7090Journal Article20221103Infertility has the ability to affect around 15 percent of reproductive partners globally, infertility in men accounting for half of all infertile cases. Major etiological causes include infectious and various inflammatory disorders in the reproductive system. Many viruses, can infect testicular cells, including HIV and the mumps virus, causing orchitis, which may cause infertility and testicular cancer in males. Over 30 viruses have been shaded into sperm. In the perspective the well-known viruses such as mumps virus, human immunodeficiency virus, zika virus (ZIKV), and hepatitis viruses are famous examples of viruses that spread via viremia that may penetrat the barrier of blood–testis, producing epididymitis, orchitis, and alterations in sperm number or their quality. <br />Many viruses, can infect testicular cells, including HIV and the mumps virus, causing orchitis, which may cause infertility and testicular cancer in males.Over 30 viruses have been shaded into sperm. In the perspective the well-known viruses such as mumps virus, human immunodeficiency virus, zika virus (ZIKV), and hepatitis viruses are famous examples of viruses that spread via viremia that may penetrat the barrier of blood–testis, producing epididymitis, orchitis, and alterations in sperm number or their quality.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_270476_177b64022e24580218827c43925a15de.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Comparative cross-sectional study of Interferon Gamma inducible protein-10 in mono and co-infected human Immunodeficiency Virus patients in Alexandria, Egypt41842728481210.21608/mid.2023.189097.1454ENAbeerGhazalDepartment of Molecular and Diagnostic Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptIbtisamEL GhazawyDepartment of Molecular and Diagnostic Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptDalia El SayedMetwallyDepartment of Molecular and Diagnostic Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.0000-0002-1810-8218FatmaMohammedPharmacy Department, Alexandria Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Disease Hospital, Alexandria, EgyptGihanELBatoutiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt0000-0002-5670-5304Journal Article20230123<strong>Background:</strong> Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus (HIV) infection is a global health issue. Upon invasion, the virus induces many inflammatory cytokines; especially interferon-γ induced protein 10 (IP-10). The aim of our study was to detect and compare the serum IP- 10 levels in HIV mono- infected, hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono- infected patients, and HIV co-infected patients with HCV. <strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 30 HIV patients (15 mono- infected and 15 co-infected with HCV), 15 HCV infected patients and15 healthy controls. HIV RNA, HCV RNA, CD4+T cell counts, IP-10 levels and Fibrous -4 score were estimated. <strong>Results: </strong>The mean value for HIV PCR was 1.04*10<sup>4 </sup>± 3.86*10<sup>4</sup> in HIV co-infected patients and 4.14*10<sup>7 </sup>± 1.58*10<sup>8</sup> in HIV mono-infected patients. The highest mean value for FIB-4 scores and CD4+T cell counts were among HIV co-infected patients; 1.56 ± 2.17 and 432.80 ± 294.83 respectively. HCV mono-infected patients revealed the highest IP-10 mean value; 472.0±235.28. No significant difference was found in HIV co-infected (<em>p < /em>= 0.806, 0.327) nor HIV mono-infected patients (<em>p < /em>=0.244,0.581) regarding the relation between CD4+T counts 5(> 400 or < 400) with the IP-10 levels and FIB-4 scores respectively. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>High IP-10 levels were associated with low CD4 cell count in HIV mono and co-infected patients. IP-10 secretion may be related to HIV pathogenesis and immune depletion. HIV/HCV co-infection did not influence HIV disease progression.</em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_284812_e76b4344c252fb03c3956cf1c23647ff.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Co-infection and associated risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-1 and human immunodeficiency virus among patients attending Faith Alive Foundation Hospital Jos, North Central Nigeria42843526961010.21608/mid.2022.168774.1399ENYusuf AmudaAgabiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Jos, Nigeriahttps://orcid.org/00Adebayo SamsonOgundeleDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, NigeriaJesseIshayaKaduna Polytechnic, Tudun Wada, P.M.B. 2021, Kaduna, NigeriaAlhassan FwangmunDamterDermatophylosis Research Division, NVRI Vom, PMB 01, VomJohn DanjumaMawakDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, NigeriaJohn OtumalaEgbereDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, NigeriaHashimuZakariDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, NigeriaMurnaAliDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, NigeriaMarycelin ManduBabaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, NigeriaJournal Article20221014<strong>Background:</strong> Studies have reported that Genital herpes is of high public health implications in immuno-compromised individuals. <strong>Aim:</strong> The study seeks to determine how common herpes simplex virus -1 (HSV-1) infections are among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carriers and identify associated risk factors. <strong>Methods:</strong> Eighty-seven (87) apparently healthy subjects were tested for HSV-1 and HIV-1 using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test Kit (Clinotech, Canada, USA), containing HSV-1 type-specific glycoprotein; Determine Kit (Inverness Medicom, Japan) and UniGold Kit (Trinity Biotech, Bray, Ireland), containing recombinant antigens. <strong>Results:</strong> Of 87 sera, 76(87.4%), and 30(34.5%) were seropositive for HSV-1 and HIV respectively while the co-infection seroprevalence rate of both viruses was 26(29.9%). The co-infection seroprevalence rate of HSV-1 and HIV-1 was highest in the age group ≥45 years (47.4%) while the age group 15-24 years had the lowest co-infection seroprevalence rate of 14.3% (<em>p < /em>>0.05). Women had a higher co-infection seroprevalence rate of 34.0% than men (24.3%). Of all the socio-demographics assessed, only the level of education was significantly associated with the prevalence of HIV and HSV-1/HIV co-infection respectively (<em>p </em>= 0.003; 0.001). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study showed that HSV-1 infections are common among HIV carriers and HSV-1 is endemic in the study population as all age groups were affected. This finding underscores the need for further research to understand the interactions between HSV-1 and HIV to provide effective methods of reducing the infection burden.</em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_269610_e3840494cc1bebcbe0673f10107f600f.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Possible diagnostic role of microRNA-122 in chronic HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma43644928117210.21608/mid.2023.184111.1440ENAsmaa Nasr El-DinThabetDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.Esraa FaragAbul-HasanDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.Osama AhmedArafaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, EgyptMona AhmedFattouhDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.Journal Article20221229<strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> <strong> </strong>Infection with hepatitis C virus frequently progresses to cirrhosis and liver cell cancer. <strong>Objectives:</strong> The objective of this study was testing the usefulness of miR-122 as a marker for diagnosis of cirrhosis in chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (CHC) and as a diagnostic tool for early detection of hepatocellular cancer. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study included 118 patients; the first group included eighty-eight patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and HCV related cirrhosis, the second group included thirty patients with HCC on to of chronic HCV infection, and the third one included twenty controls. Quantification of the viral RNA by real-time-PCR. MicroRNA-122 expression level was measured by RT-PCR. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean serum levels of miR‑122 were much higher in CHC, compensated cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis patients’ than in controls, while they were less in HCC patients than control group (<em>p < /em> = 0.0001). Serum miR-122 revealed gradual decrease in levels with progression of fibrosis stage, with more significant decrease in late fibrosis stages including F3 and F4 (<em>p < /em>=0.01). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The mean levels of serum miR-122 decreased in patients of HCC thus can differentiate HCC from CHC and liver cirrhosis. MicroRNA -122 had high efficiency compared to other noninvasive indices in prediction of HCV, and progression towards HCC.</em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_281172_4bb84b45ea35bcdfe842fdbbecf714a5.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Association of TSST-1 gene with phenotypic antibiotic resistance among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in a tertiary healthcare center45045825128910.21608/mid.2022.150189.1348ENTolulope IorwueseAdeDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria0000-0002-5757-1176GbolaboOdewaleDepartment of Microbiology,Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria0000-0001-9771-2562MorumdaDajiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, NigeriaJoshuaOhirhianDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Ilorin. Kwara State, Nigeria0000-0003-0037-7259Richard OlulowoOjedeleGenomics and Sequencing Research Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Gaduwa, Abuja, Nigeria0000-0002-6347-5252Journal Article20220714<strong>Background:</strong> The toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) is important in the pathology of toxic shock syndrome. However, little data exist on its prevalence among clinical isolates of <em>S. aureus</em> in Nigeria. Hence, this study was carried out to detect the tsst-1 gene and associate it with phenotypic antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of <em>S. aureus</em><strong>. Methods:</strong> <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolates were presumptively identified by Gram’s staining and conventional biochemical tests while confirmatory identification was through the detection of the thermonuclease (nuc) gene. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method while phenotypic detection of methicillin resistance was carried out using the cefoxitin disc sensitivity assay. The tst gene was detected within the genome of the bacterial isolates using Uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). <strong>Results:</strong> Of the 152 <em>S. aureus </em>isolates identified in this study, 103 (67.76%) encoded the tst gene. Of these 103 tst-positive isolates, 63 (61.16%) were methicillin-resistant while 40 (38.84%) were methicillin-sensitive. The tst-positive isolates (n=103) were resistant to tetracycline (39.81%), erythromycin (24.27%), gentamicin (22.33%), cotrimoxazole (22.33%), ciprofloxacin (21.36%), fusidic acid (16.5%), fosfomycin (10.68%), and clindamycin (5.82%). Comparatively, tst-negative isolates (n=49) were resistant to tetracycline (69.39%), cotrimoxazole (56.06%), gentamicin (53.06%), ciprofloxacin (51.02%), erythromycin (46.94%), fusidic acid (28.57%), fosfomycin (26.53%), and clindamycin (8.16%). Phenotypic antibiotic resistance is significantly associated with the presence of the tst gene (<em>p < /em><0.05) except for clindamycin and fusidic acid (<em>p < /em>>0.05). <strong>Coclusion:</strong> Hence, the high prevalence of the tst gene and its association with antibiotic resistance in <em>S. aureus</em> is a cause for worry.</em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_251289_2124a3104207e1212a76199ebbb5b41e.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Association between accessory gene regulator alleles, agr functionality and biofilm formation in MRSA and MSSA isolated from clinical and nasal carrier specimens45946727451010.21608/mid.2022.176236.1419ENShahindaRezkMicrobiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University0000-0003-2916-6226Omar S.AlqabbasiBiology department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, LibyaAbeerGhazalMicrobiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria UniversityEglalEl SherbiniMicrobiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria UniversityDalia El SayedMetwallyMicrobiology department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University0000-0002-1810-8218Journal Article20221122<strong>Background:</strong> <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>has a huge armory of virulence factors which are under the control of the quorum-sensing accessory gene regulator (<em>agr</em>) system. <em>agr</em> dysfunctional strains usually have a higher ability to form biofilm. The aim of the work was to detect the association of <em>agr</em> groups, <em>agr</em> functionality and biofilm formation among methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA/MSSA) isolated from clinical and nasal carrier specimens. <strong>Methods:</strong> Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed to 100 clinical samples and 50 nasal carriers. Isolates were then characterized by <em>agr</em> typing using multiplex PCR. <em>agr</em> activity was evaluated using <em>agr</em> CAMP assay. Biofilm formation was determined phenotypically by microtiter plate method and genotypically by amplifying <em>icaA</em> and <em>icaD</em> genes. <strong>Results</strong>: A high level of resistance to different classes of antibiotics was detected. Methicillin resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was more prevalent among clinical samples than nasal samples. No vancomycin resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was detected. The percentage of <em>agr</em> dysfunctional isolates and the ability to form biofilm were higher in clinical samples than in nasal swabs, and more prevalent in MRSA than in MSSA. <em>agr</em> I was the most predominantallele among all isolates. The percentage of biofilm formation was higher among non-functioning <em>agr</em> isolates. <em>icaD</em> gene was the most prevalent biofilm formation gene detected. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The formation of the biofilm in MSSA depends on ica genes, while in MRSA a biofilm can be formed in absence of both genes. The <em>agrII</em> allele was statistically significant associated with strong biofilm formation (<em>p < /em> =0.001) and with <em>agr</em> dysfunction (<em>p < /em> =0.030).</em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_274510_ddc00eb8044afb2ce035f54703d2116b.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Prevalence and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae among under five children attending Toro general hospital, Bauchi State, Nigeria46847624066210.21608/mid.2022.133445.1302ENMurna AhmedAliDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State , NigeriaOcheme JuliusOkojokwuDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State , NigeriaRebbeca ChineloAdiekwuoDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State NigeriaJoy WilfredRobinsonDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State NigeriaJournal Article20220418<strong>Background:</strong><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em><em>(S. pneumoniae)</em>is an important pathogen responsible for numerous infections in humans particularly children under 5 years causing unparalleled fatality.<strong>Aim:</strong>This study set out to determine the prevalence and circulating serotypes of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>in under 5 years old children attending Toro General Hospital, Bauchi State, Nigeria.<strong>Methods:</strong>The study was cross-sectional, and hospital based. A total of 114 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children < 5 years old.<em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> was isolated, biochemically identified, and molecularly confirmed using PCR via the gene marker <em>Cps</em>A. Latex agglutination was used to serotype the confirmed isolates.<strong>Results: </strong>a prevalence of 22.6% was established in this study for <em>S. pneumoniae</em>. The age group 0 – 11 months had the highest prevalence of 28.1% while 36 – 47 months had the least prevalence (11.8%). Males had relatively higher prevalence of 29.0% compared to females (20.0%). There was no significant association between the carriage of <em>S. pneumoniae</em>, age, and sex (<em>p < /em>> 0.05). Though there was no significant association between vaccination status and prevalence of <em>S. pneumoniae</em> (<em>p < /em> = 0.937), non-vaccinated group had lower prevalence of 22.4% as opposed to 23.1% in the vaccinated subjects. Six circulating serotypes [1 (23.1%), 6 (34.6%), 9 (3.8%), 11 (11.5%), 19 (3.8%), and 23 (3.8%)] were detected. Serotypes 1 and 6 were found in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated children but serotypes 9, 11, 19, and 23 were detected in vaccinated children only.<strong>Conclusion:</strong>PCV vaccine and non-vaccine <em>S. pneumoniae</em> serotypes were found to be prevalent and circulating among under 5 children in the current study.</em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_240662_5af5945ecc206f22c43359c19e7a7d13.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Diagnostic role of FilmArray Pneumonia Panel compared to routine microbiological methods to identify pneumonia pathogens47748627475910.21608/mid.2022.175277.1415ENMahaGadDepartment of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.0000-0002-7717-6747Amani AEl KholyDepartment of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Omnia M.A.TaherDepartment of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.Journal Article20221117<strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> Lower respiratory tract infections can be caused by an array of pathogens. Rapid and accurate identification of these organisms is essential for selection of the appropriate antimicrobial regimen. <strong>Objectives:</strong> Identify microbiology of lower respiratory tract samples by the syndromic multiplex BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (FAPP) and correlate with the findings by routine microbiological methods. <strong>Methods</strong><strong>:</strong> This study was conducted on 118 non-repetitive respiratory samples, collected through March 2020 to February 2021 for isolation and identification of respiratory pathogens. <strong>Results:</strong> The FAPP yielded an overall positivity rate of (85/118; 72%). Compared to routine culture; the FAPP were concordantly positive for 37/118 (31.4%) of specimens, and discordant for 39/118 specimens (33%) with 92.5% of positive percentage of agreement. The commonest bacterial pathogens detected by the two methods were <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae,</em> <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</em> Of note, <em>Acinetobacter</em> and other bacterial pathogens were frequently detected by FAPP and not by culture, indicating colonization or contamination (false-positive results). False-negative FAPP results were <em>Candida</em> and bacterial pathogens not included in the FAPP panel, as <em>Morganella.</em> At the semi-quantification level, the concordance rate was 93.9% as out of forty- nine bacterial cultures with significant growth, 46 showed a higher semi-quantification of more than 10<sup>5 </sup>copies of DNA/ml by FAPP and (27/46; 58.7%) showed total agreement with target pathogens isolated by the culture too. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (FAPP) was sensitive and detected more potential pneumonia pathogens than culture methods, but it should be interpreted cautiously. Semi- quantification of FAPP helped to understand pathogen significance and correlate with true pathogen.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_274759_6b10afd62e974ee71faa3f865f418ced.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Oropharyngeal carriage of potential meningitis-causing bacteria in a Ghanaian prison48749628081010.21608/mid.2023.154583.1361ENEmmanuel Kobla AtsuAmewuDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana0000-0001-8214-3803Cynthia KyerewaaAdu-AsiamahKumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, GhanaRawdat Kobla AtsuBaba-AdamDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, GhanaAlbert ReginaldAffulDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, GhanaKennedy BoahenGyauDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, GhanaAlexanderKwartengDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, GhanaJournal Article20220805<strong>Background:</strong> Bacterial meningitis continues to be a global health problem even after introducing of meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines. Surveillance of high-risk populations such as prisoners is necessary for timely identification of outbreaks and prophylaxis. This study assessed pharyngeal colonisation of prisoners and officers in a Ghanaian prison with meningitis-causing bacteria. <strong>Methods</strong><strong>:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2018. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected, and microbiological and antimicrobial susceptibility analyses were performed. <strong>Results</strong><strong>:</strong> There were 205 participants. Carriage of meningitis-causing bacterial was 102 (49.7%), 8 (3.9%) and 1(0.48%) for <em>Neisseria species (spp.)</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus</em>) and <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae),</em> respectively and with a total carriage of 52.2% (107/ 205). Four individuals (1.9%) carried both <em>Neisseria spp.</em> and <em>S. aureus.</em> The <em>S. aureus</em> isolates were resistant to ampicillin (87.5%), chloramphenicol (87.5%), and penicillin (87.5%) and sensitive to cefoxitin (100%) cotrimoxazole (87.5%), clindamycin (87.5%), ciprofloxacin (75.0%), oxacillin (75.0%), and erythromycin (62.5%). None of the <em>S. aureus</em> isolated was methicillin resistant. The <em>S. pneumoniae</em> isolated was resistant to cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, and penicillin and sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and clindamycin. Education (OR = 1.910, 95% CI 1.029 – 3.545, <em>p < /em> = 0.040) and years of incarceration (OR = 3.808, 95% CI 1.350 – 10.739, <em>p < /em> = 0.011) were associated with carriage of meningitis-causing bacteria. <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>This study showed carriage of potential meningitis-causing bacteria in a Ghanaian prison. Multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine is key to controlling meningococcal disease outbreaks.</em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_280810_1612d87ef1525f06f98613b1f4df25d0.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Co-infections and antimicrobial resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae among patients with pulmonary infections attending tertiary health facilities in Makurdi, Nigeria49750524318110.21608/mid.2022.138402.1314ENAgeje MosesIsaacDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, NigeriaJosephNfongehDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, NigeriaYusufAgabiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeriahttps://orcid.org/00Stella BokoUnezeDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, NigeriaPaul OgorAbbaBenue State Unversity Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Benue State, NigeriaEzekielDanjumaTB Reference Laboratory, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, NigeriaKosisochukwu ElijahUdeoguDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NigeriaNanma TongnanCosmasFaculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, NigeriaJoseph AjeAnejo-OkopiFederal University of Health Sciences, Utukpo, Benue State, Nigeria.JohnMawakDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, NigeriaJournal Article20220514<strong>Background:</strong> Pulmonary infections (Pls) cause mortality in elderly patients that have co-morbidities. These infections are life-threatening in the younger population, especially in infants and children. Co-infection with <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> and <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> occurring concurrently may lead to undiagnosed <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> leading to inadequate treatment. <strong>Aim:</strong> The study investigates the co-infection and antimicrobial resistance profile of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> and <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> in Makurdi, Nigeria. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> A total of 273 sputum samples were collected from patients with pulmonary infection attending chest clinics in tertiary health institutions in Makurdi and analysed. Genexpert was used for <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> while <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> isolates were identified using Gram-staining reaction, optochin and bile solubility tests. The susceptibility test for <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> was performed using Kirby-Bauer method. <strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 273 sputum samples, the percentage occurrence of mono-infections with <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> was 14(5.13%) while that with rifampicin resistance was 1(0.37%). The occurrence of mono-infection with <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> was 11(4.03%). The resistance profile showed trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (septrin) with the highest resistance 6(54.55%) and vancomycin 5(45.45%) while amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone had zero resistance (0.0%). There was the occurrence of co-infections in 3(1.10%) out of the 273 patients sampled. There was no significant association (<em>p < /em> > 0.05) between <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>, <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>, their co-infections and the variables analyzed. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The occurrence rate of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> and <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> co-infections is low among suspected pulmonary infection cases with an occurrence rate of 1.10%. Early detection and proper management of co-infections are recommended.</em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_243181_e165ef94c7b9271b7f55a57a2ca1d908.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Efficacy of Vonoprazan-based triple therapy for cure of H. Pylori Infection among patients attending GIT outpatient clinic at Suez Canal University Hospital50651328941410.21608/mid.2023.191490.1459ENNageh LouisMahrousEndemic and Infectious diseases department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt0000-0003-1026-669xEmanNasreldenInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University ,Ismailia, EgyptMariamHassanGastroenterology and Hepatology department, Ahmed Maher Teaching HospitalMohamedAboelmagdEndemic and Infectious diseases department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt0000-0002-0466-8628Journal Article20230202<strong>Background: </strong>Treatment of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H.pylori</em>) became mandatory for prevention and cure of most upper gastrointestinal complaints. Despite the varieties in available therapeutic options, achieving a high eradication rate is very challenging. Currently, vonoprazan based protocols are being introduced, and they provide promising outcomes. We aimed at studying vonoprazan efficacy and safety for cure of <em>H.pylori </em>among Egyptian patients. <strong>Methods</strong>: In a prospective cohort study, we included 300 patients who tested positive for <em>H. pylori</em> to receive vonoprazan-based triple therapy for two weeks. Then, we assessed the cure rate, improvement of symptoms and side effects. <strong>Results</strong>: We found that vonoprazan-based triple therapy achieved a cure rate of 90%. There was a remarkable improvement in all presenting symptoms after complete cure with this regimen. Few adverse effects were observed, not exceeding 9.3% of patients. Most common side effects were nausea (4.3%), burping (2.6%) and bloating (1.3%). <strong>Conclusions: </strong>vonoprazan-based triple therapy is effective and safe for cure of <em>Helicobacter</em>.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_289414_a1981c311d57b29a16b42bb61df19f69.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Detection of hefA gene in multidrug resistant Helicobacter pylori at Tanta University Hospital51452129126810.21608/mid.2023.191944.1461ENKaremanEshramedical microbiology and immunology , faculty of medicine, Tanta university0000-0002-5742-3843IbrahimAmerHepatology,gastroentrology&infectious diseases departmentRadwaEl Sharabyclinical pathology department , Faculty of medicine, Tanta UniversityShimaaEl SharawyTropical medicine and infectious diseases
Tanta UniversityRadwaEissamedical microbiology and immunology department , faculty of medicine , Tanta universityJournal Article20230207<strong>Background:</strong> The evident multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with <em>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) </em>is a serious public health problem. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent in three or even more antimicrobial classes. The <em>hefA</em> gene encodes an active efflux process against antimicrobials, and its expression in <em>H. pylori</em> may contribute to the upsurge of resistant strains. <strong> Aim of the study:</strong> Detection of MDR <em>H. pylori</em> among endoscopic isolates and examining the role of <em>hefA</em> gene expression in the occurrence of MDR <em>H. pylori</em>. <strong>Methods:</strong> Our research involved 40 <em>H. pylori</em> endoscopic isolates using conventional microbiological methods. We identified MDR in <em>H. pylori </em>isolates using E testing procedures for metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin as well as clarithromycin. We detected the <em>hefA</em> gene expression among the isolated <em>H. pylori</em> by real-time PCR. <strong>Results:</strong> out of 40 isolates of <em>H. pylori</em>, 13 (32.5%) were MDR and 27 (67.5%) were not MDR. We found <em>hefA</em> gene in MDR<em> H. pylori</em> isolates with total (mean ± SD) equal to 7.055385±2.591111, but in <em>non-</em>MDR<em> H. pylori</em> isolates were with total (mean ± SD) equal to 2.591111±0.720189. There was a statistically significant difference in <em>hefA</em> expression levels among both MDR <em>H. pylori</em> isolated strains and non-MDR ones; the <em>p </em>value was 0.001.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> The <em>hefA</em> gene expression in <em>H. pylori</em> plays an important role in the emergence of MDR <em>H. pylori</em> strains as one of the genes encoding for efflux pump mechanisms.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_291268_3f7f56f1b14d00a74d62d89b12588679.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Rapid detection of carbapenemases producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) by ChromaticTM CPE media in intensive care units in Ain Shams University Hospitals52252929490710.21608/mid.2023.202163.1493ENAmira G.ElshenawyMedical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of medicine, 6 October Univeristy, Cairo, EgyptShereenEl-BendaryMedical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptYasmeen MMahmoodClinical pathology department , Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptFatma MMahmoudMedical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-3774-5917Journal Article20230325<strong>Background:</strong> The evolution and springing up of carbapenemase-producing<em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> (CPE) threatens worldwide health. The capability of carbapenemases to degrade all β-lactam antibiotics leads to less antibiotics retaining activity against infections caused by CPE that are associated with high mortality and bad prognosis. There is an urgent need to define robust standardized screening methods for the effective detection of CPE in order to control their spread. This study aimed to detect the efficiency of Chromatic <sup>TM</sup> CPE medium in identifying CRE directly from ICU clinical samples. <strong>Methods: </strong>A Cross section study was conducted at intensive care units and Medical Microbiology and Immunology laboratory, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams university. The sample was directly inoculated on CRE chromagar plate and incubated at 35°C aerobically. Isolation and identification of CPE was performed according to Manual of Clinical Microbiology 2019 then antimicrobial susceptibility test by Kirby-Baur disc diffusion. The sensitivity and specificity of CRE screening by CRE chromogenic media were detected using Modified carbapenemase inactivation method (mCIM) as the standard method. <strong>Results:</strong> One hundred and fifty-eight isolates were obtained from hospitalized ICU patients in Ain shams university hospital between April to November 2022. There were different types of samples, the most common one was sputum. Among 71 isolates grew on blood and MacConkey agar media, 59 (83.15%) showed growth on chromogenic media while 12 (16.9%) showed no growth on chromogenic media. Fifty-four (76.1%) showed MDR <em>Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and<em> Acinetobacter baumannii.</em> Among 54 MDR isolates, 50 (92.6%) were positive carbapenemase production, while 4 (7.4%) were negative carbapenemase production using mCIM test as confirmatory test. The sensitivity of chromogenic media was 98%, specificity was 50% in all isolates and the accuracy of the test was 94.4%. While the sensitivity of chromogenic media in all <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> was 96.9%, specificity was 33.3%. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that CRE chromogenic is highly sensitive in the screening of CRE detection. It efficiently saves more time in identifying CRE as compared to mCIM method. The use of a single chromogenic medium can reduce the cost of sample processing and be an effective tool for rapid detection of CRE. Accurate and fast detection of patients colonized by CPEs is clinically important in applying proper infection control precautions.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_294907_c057b64f75c8a948da0cde997a1b2a67.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Escherichia albertii in chicken and human.53054129052810.21608/mid.2023.194943.1471ENAsmaa A.AbbasMicrobiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptWegdanMohamedDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptHaidi Karam-AllahRamadanDepartment of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.Ehsan A.HassanDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptAliaa MAGhandourDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20230223<strong>Background:</strong> <em>Escherichia albertii</em> (<em>E. albertii</em>) is a newly identified enteropathogen that affects humans and birds. It is a Gram-negative bacterium frequently mistaken for <em>E. coli.</em> <strong>Objective</strong>: To isolate <em>E. albertii</em> from chicken feces, products, and patients with diarrhea to assess its role in gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), also to assess antimicrobial susceptibility of this pathogen, and to identify it genetically by PCR<strong>. Methodology:</strong> 225 random samples from Assiut Governorate were tested, representing (100) chicken feces, (50) chicken products and (75) human feces from patients with gastroenteritis and IBD. The fecal samples were cultured on Hektoen enteric agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate plates. Biochemical identification of <em>E-albertii</em> was done by sulfur-indole motility (SIM), Simmonsʼ citrate, urease test, triple-sugar iron (TSI), lysine iron and indole test. Genotypic detection of <em>E. albertii</em> was done by PCR for eae and mdh genes. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. <strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of <em>E. albertii</em> was 21.7% by culture, 18.6 % by biochemical tests and 12.8 % by PCR. <em>Escherichia. albertii</em> was identified by PCR in 20% of chicken feces and 9% of human feces. No <em>E. albertii</em> was identified in chicken products. Out of 29 isolates, 65.5 %, 51.7% were resistant to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, respectively, while lower resistance rates were observed to other antibiotics<strong>. Conclusion:</strong> <em> Escherichia albertii</em> could be isolated from chicken and human feces, but not from chicken products. High resistance rate was observed for tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. <em>Escherichia. albertii</em> culture should be interpreted carefully and confirmed by PCR.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_290528_9b671693d77b4c2c31a70ef598d3c409.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of silver nanoparticles on clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae54255429315510.21608/mid.2023.200483.1487ENEman MohammedElsaidMedical Microbiology and Immunology Department Faculty of medicine Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 1181, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt0009-0005-6395-1107Ola IbrahimAhmedMedical Microbiology and Immunology Department Faculty of medicine Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 1181, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-8570-4554Abdullah M.AbdoBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt0000-0003-0087-0674Shimaa AhmedAbdel SalamMedical Microbiology and Immunology Department Faculty of medicine Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 1181, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-9825-5233Journal Article20230319<strong>Background: </strong> Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (<em>K. pneumoniae</em>) causes life threatening infections. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology is anticipated to produce new therapeutic products for biomedical uses. One of these compounds, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), is with promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm characteristics. <strong>Aim of the work:</strong> To evaluate the anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities of AgNPs against MDR <em>K. pneumoniae</em> clinical isolates in Ain-Shams university hospitals. <strong>Methodology: </strong>The study was conducted on fifty MDR <em>K. pneumoniae</em>. The isolates were retrieved from Ain Shams university Microbiology laboratory. The biofilm-forming activity was tested by a microtiter plate based on crystal violet staining, the AgNPs were synthesized biologically and characterized by different methods. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of biosynthesized AgNPs were investigated against selected strains using standard methods. <strong>Results:</strong> The results revealed that all isolates were resistant to tested antibiotics and biofilm-forming ability was detected in 28/50 (56%) isolates. The antibacterial activities of AgNPs showed that all isolates were susceptible to AgNPs with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranging from 15.625 μg /ml to 125 μg /ml. Also, AgNPs significantly reduced the biofilm formation as 26/28 of isolates became non-biofilm producers (0) and 2/28 became weak. Silver nanoparticles showed minimal cytotoxic concentration (conc.) up to 100 percent and 99.42 percent viability on normal human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) cell lines treated with AgNPs at conc. of 2 μg/ml and 3.9 μg/ml respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Multi drug resistant <em>K. pneumoniae</em> is a rising problem and the rate of biofilm formation in these isolates is high. Silver nanoparticles exhibit good antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against them.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_293155_6d62a166ebf7d318273abafdfdeb9ee3.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Molecular detection of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens in Jos, Nigeria55556225358410.21608/mid.2022.145897.1329ENJudeNkupDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria0000-0001-8609-8384SarahJosephDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, NigeriaYusufAgabiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeriahttps://orcid.org/00VeronicaDavidDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, NigeriaZakariHashimuDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, NigeriaCaroline ChiamakaMadubulumDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, NigeriaAmanyiDavidDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, NigeriaUjahOtoboDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. College of Public Health, The University of South Florida, Tampa, USAGloriaGoyilDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, NigeriaNanyaCirfatDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, NigeriaJoseph AjeAnejo-OkopiFederal University of Health Sciences, Utukpo, Benue State, Nigeria.SamirahDavidDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, NigeriaJournal Article20220620<strong>Background:</strong> <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is among the most frequent opportunistic pathogens causing wide range of infections and the emergence and spread of carbapenem resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> are problems currently threatening global health. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and to detect carbapenem resistance genes in Jos, Nigeria. <strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 19 clinical specimens were collected from Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Jos, Nigeria<em>. Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> was identified by cultural and biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Carbapenem resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> isolates were tested for carbapenemase production and blaKPC, blaVIM,and blaNDM genes using Modified Hodges Test and multiplex PCR respectively. <strong>Results:</strong> Of the 19 clinical specimens examined, 8(42.10%) were positive for <em>Klebsiella pneumonia</em> and most of the isolates were recovered from urine 5(62.50%), followed by sputum 2(25.00%) and isolates from wounds swab recorded the lowest occurrence, 1(12.50%). Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that isolates were highly resistant to gentamicin (62.50%), ceftriaxone (50.00%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (62.50%), ciprofloxacin (37.50%), cefepime (62.50%), clarithromycin (50.00%) and meropenem 3(37.50%). Polymerase chain reaction screening for blaKPC, blaVIM,and blaNDM genes which code for carbapenemases among the 3 meropenem resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> isolates were not detected. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expression of high phenotypic antibiotic resistance recorded in this study could be suggestive of other resistance genes which this study was limited for. Therefore, monitoring of carbapenem resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae </em>with the aim of screening other antibiotic resistance genes is strongly recommendedhttps://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_253584_e0d7d35c15adcf6545fdaf53803005e0.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Type III secretion system effector proteins genes, drug resistance profiles and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens56357427816810.21608/mid.2023.179635.1423ENRawhia HassanEl EdelClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, EgyptAmira Abd El-KhaderEl-HendyClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, EgyptMona FaragSalamaClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, EgyptReem MohsenElKholyClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, EgyptJournal Article20221208<strong>Background: </strong><em>Pseudomonas</em> <em>aeruginosa</em> <em>(P.aeruginosa</em>) is one of the most clinically important bacteria. It can cause serious infections because it has many virulence factors which are the main reasons for emergence of antibiotic resistance. The most important one is type III secretion system (T3SS) that plays a main role in bacterial invasion and poor clinical outcome.<strong> Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to detect some phenotypic virulence factors and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among clinical isolates of <em>P. aeruginosa, </em>and to evaluate the prevalence of T3SS virulence genes among these isolates. <strong>Methods: </strong>The study included one hundred strains of <em>P.aeruginosa</em> isolated from different clinical specimens from patients in Menoufia University Hospitals. The isolates were identified by microbiological methods and tested for biofilm formation, bile esculin hydrolysis, hemolysin and DNase production. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined by disc diffusion method. Multiplex PCR technique was used for targeting the virulence genes. <strong>Results: </strong>virulence factors were recorded as follows: hemolysin (72%), biofilm formation (77%) and bile esculin hydrolysis (40%). The most frequent genes were<em> exoT</em> and <em>exoY</em> genes (90% and 77%) respectively, while the least detected one was <em>exoU</em> (27%). High antibiotic resistance was detected to most of the used antibiotics. The <em>exoT</em>, <em>exoY</em> and <em>exoS</em> genes were significantly associated with high level of antibiotic resistance (<em>p < /em><0.001). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study highlights the prevalence of T3SS virulence genes among clinical isolates of <em>P.aeruginosa </em>obtained fom different clinical specimens, Moreover, there was association between <em>exoT</em>, <em>exoY</em> and <em>exoS genes </em>and antimicrobial resistance in these isolates.</em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_278168_c5a6a7433a7b8477644a55970fa5d79d.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Insight into quorum sensing genes LasR and RhlR, their related virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from ocular Infections57558929301410.21608/mid.2023.197968.1480ENEsraa A.MohamedDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptAmin E.NawarDepartment of Ophthalmology, faculty of medicine, Tanta University, EgyptEman E.HegazyDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt0000-0001-9263-1894Journal Article20230304<strong>Background:</strong> <em> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> can cause several ocular infections that are associated with adverse outcomes, owing to the production of different virulence factors that are regulated by quorum-sensing (QS) mechanisms. The current study aims to detect different QS dependent virulence factors, antibiotic resistance patterns in <em>P. aeruginosa</em> associated with ocular infections to correlate them with QS genes and to assess their impact on visual outcome.<strong> Methods:</strong> several ocular specimens were collectedfor isolation of<em>P. aeruginosa</em><strong>. </strong>Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated<strong>. </strong>The presence of QS genes (<em>rhlR </em>and<em> lasR)</em> was identifiedby PCR<strong>. </strong>The isolates were assessed for their capability to produce virulence factors such as pyocyanin, protease, twitching motility, exopolysaccharides, and biofilm. <strong>Results</strong>: Out of 55 <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates, 38.2% were MDR, 29.1% were XDR, and 12.7% were PDR. The highest sensitivity was to meropenem 67.3% while the lowest sensitivity was to ceftazidime18.2%. The frequency of studied virulence factors, exopolysaccharides production, biofilm formation, twitching motility, protease, and pyocyanin production was 94.5%, 89.1%, 83.6%, 81.8%, and 78.2% respectively. Quorum-sensing genes <em>lasR</em> and<em> rhlR</em> were identified in 89% and 81.8% of the isolates respectively. The assessed virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern were significantly correlated with the presence of QS system. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study emphasized the importance of the QS system in regulating the formation of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. Consequently, anti-QS and anti-virulence therapy can be a promising substitute to antibiotic therapy currently available.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_293014_cd12312c1c75263b1379b2be9bdb1185.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in fluoroquinolone-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii that causes hospital acquired infection59060028255110.21608/mid.2023.183097.1435ENMarwa S.TahaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt0000-0002-5850-8160Sarah M.ShoeibDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University0000-0002-2751-2896Marwa A.AbdelwahabDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt0000-0003-0298-177Journal Article20221225<strong>Background: </strong><em>Acinetobacter baumannii,</em> are involved in hospital- acquired infections and are increasingly developing resistance to fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin. The most common method of fluoroquinolone resistance is alteration in genes that encode DNA gyrase (<em>gyrA</em>) and topoisomerase IV (<em>parC</em>).<strong>Methods</strong>: We sought to isolate fluoroquinolone- resistant <em>A. baumannii</em> and search for changes in <em>gyrA</em> (Ser83Leu) and <em>parC</em> (Ser80Leu) loci by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP).<strong>Results: </strong>We found that all 68 <em>A. baumannii</em> isolates that were part of this research were multidrug resistant and harbored <em>gyrA</em> and <em>parC</em> loci. Most isolates had ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentrations of >128 μg/mL (50.8%). Mutations in <em>gyrA</em> were the most prevalent (47.45%), followed by <em>parC</em> mutations (33.9%) and combined mutations in both genes (23.7%).<strong>Conclusions</strong>: Single mutations in either <em>gyrA</em> (Ser83Leu) or <em>parC</em> (Ser80Leu) genes may be attributed to fluroquinolone resistance in <em>A. baumannii</em>.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_282551_84126268759aa490a4b1e95e9c9d4583.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Chloramphenicol is re-emerging as an effective drug in the treatment of typhoid fever in Southern Benue state, Nigeria60161023018110.21608/mid.2022.126422.1257ENPeterAdikwuDepartment of Biological Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, Benue State, NigeriaInnocent OkonkwoOgbonnaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, NigeriaGodwin AttahObandeFederal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa state, Nigeriahttps://orcid.org/00Ebele UUmehDepartment of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, NigeriaCharles ChidozieIheukwumereDepartment of Botany, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, NigeriaPhilip SuleAwodiScience Laboratory Technology Department Benue State Polytechnic, Ugbokolo, Benue State, NigeriaJournal Article20220309<strong>Background:</strong>Typhoid fever is an endemic disease in many developing countries with significant health implications that could sometimes, turn fatal. The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of <em>Salmonella typhi</em> (<em> S. typhi ) </em>isolates from stool samples of patients attending secondary health centres in Benue South geographical zone. <strong>Methods: </strong>One thousand and twenty-two (1022) stool samples were collected from 583 male and 439 female patients presumptively diagnosed with typhoid fever using Widal test. Isolation of <em>S.typhi</em> was according to standard procedure. The antimicrobial susceptibility of <em>S. typhi </em>isolates was tested against 10 different antibiotics, using the disc diffusion method. <strong>Results: </strong>A total of 447 (43.7%) <em>S. typhi </em>were isolated.Antibiotic resistance pattern showed that 64% (286/447) of the total isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotic classes. The isolates demonstrated the highest resistance to ciprofloxacin (55.6%; 159/286), and azithromycin (53.8%; 154/286). Resistance was highest to cephalosporin (ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) class of antibiotics (66.1%; 189/286). Isolates, however, showed susceptibility to the carbapenem (imipenem, 286/286), amphenicol (chloramphenicol, 286/286) and aminoglycoside (gentamicin 278/286). A total of 42.7% (122/286) isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotic classes, with different resistance patterns. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings reveal multidrug resistance of <em>S. typhi </em>to antibiotics, with a possible positive reversing trend in the susceptibility characteristics of <em>S. typhi </em>tochloramphenicol in the study area, bringing to fore the need for adequate measures to control increasing resistance by this important pathogen and reconsideration for chloramphenicol in <em>S. typhi </em>treatment.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_230181_9b0196f9f54315a058b402d3773a67f0.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501The association between Chlamydia trachomatis ln late pregnancy and the development of premature rupture of membranes (PROM)61161628230810.21608/mid.2023.183092.1434ENMohamedRoccaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.MervatEl SersyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.AhmedEl HabashyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.Dina AlyKholeifDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria university, Egypt.0000-0003-2110-3482MohamedIsmailDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.Journal Article20221230<strong>Background: </strong>Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) is considered an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality with increased maternal and neonatal risks. The etiology of PROM is known to be multifactorial, however, genital infections such as <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> is a possible contributing factor to its occurrence. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence rate of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> infection in pregnancy and its role in the etiology of PROM. <strong>Methods</strong>: Two groups of patients were included; study and control groups. The study group included twenty full term pregnant women with the diagnosis of recent premature rupture of membranes with a duration of less than twelve hours while the control group included ten normal cases having the same criteria but with intact membranes. All patients were admitted to El Shatby Maternity University Hospital and an informed written consent was taken. Serum samples were collected in red top vacutainer for all women to detect <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG). In addition, endocervical swabbing was performed to detect <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> antigen using ELISA technique. <strong>Results:</strong> The study showed no significant association between PROM and <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> infection. However, the prevalence of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> cervicitis in women with PROM was higher as compared to the control group; 45% compared to 20% by chlamydial antigen. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The fact that this infection statistically increases the risk of PROM could not be confirmed.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_282308_aac9d8ff7bb30e279c2873de3ca8c9a2.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Phenotypic identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species isolated from various clinical specimens in Suez Canal University Hospitals61762529430210.21608/mid.2023.200725.1488ENSamaa HassanAboueldahabMicrobiology and Medical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptAbeer EzzatElsayedMicrobiology and Medical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptAtefShehataMicrobiology and Medical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt0000-0002-8522-8703AsmaaBakeirMicrobiology and Medical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20230317<strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> <em> Candida</em> is the most common cause of fungal infections. <em>Candida</em> species are identified by different phenotypic methods. Accurate identification of <em>Candida</em> species enables appropriate selection of antifungal agents by clinicians. Azoles are the most frequently used antifungal drugs to treat <em>Candida</em> infections. However<strong>, </strong>resistance among previously susceptible <em>Candida</em> species has emerged which made antifungal susceptibility testing crucial. <strong>Aim</strong>: This study aimed to phenotypically identify the different <em>Candida</em> species isolated from various clinical specimens in Suez Canal University Hospitals (SCUHs), and to assess their antifungal susceptibility patterns. <strong>Method:</strong> One hundred and five clinical specimens were collected from different departments in SCUHs. Isolates were identified as <em>Candida</em> by colony morphology on Sabouraud dextrose agar and Gram staining. <em>Candida</em> species were phenotypically identified using germ tube test, hypertonic Sabouraud broth, corn meal agar, chromogenic <em>Candida</em> agar, KB006 Hi<em>Candida</em> Identification Kit and Vitek 2 YST-ID system. Antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B was done by disk diffusion method. <strong>Results:</strong> Prevalence of <em>Candida</em> was 54.3%. <em>C. tropicalis</em> was the most common species followed by <em>C</em>.<em> albicans</em>, <em>C. dubliniensis</em>, <em>C. glabrata</em>, <em>C. parapsilosis</em> and lastly <em>C. kefyr</em>. Only one strain was resistant to amphotericin B<strong><em>.</em> </strong>Eight strains were susceptible dose dependent, and 2 were resistant to fluconazole. No resistance was detected to voriconazole. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The prevalence of candidiasis is remarkable. Non-<em>albicans Candida</em> species (NACs) cause most of these infections. Fluconazole and amphotericin B showed low resistance rates. No resistance to voriconazole was reported in this study. Therefore, voriconazole could be more effective as empirical therapy than fluconazole and amphotericin B. Accurate identification of <em>Candida</em> species is essential for therapeutic and prognostic impact, appropriate selection of antifungal agents by clinicians and controlling the increase of resistant <em>Candida</em> strains.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_294302_a64c05ccf8bcf1ce2bc913047dda2265.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Association between severity of asthma and fungal sensitization in severely asthmatic patients62663229315410.21608/mid.2023.199928.1484ENMaii A.Shams EldeenAssistant professor of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.0000-0002-4112-8866Reham M.ElkolalyAssistant professor of Chest diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.Ragia S.SharsharAssistant professor of Chest diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.Hoda A.IbrahimLecturer of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University. Egypt.Mona M.WatanyAssistant professor of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University. Egypt.Amal Abd ElrasheedWafiAssistant professor of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.Marwa A.AbdelwahabAssistant professor of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.0000-0003-0298-177Journal Article20230314<strong>Background: </strong>Fungal sensitization is usually associated with increased asthmatic severity, morbidity and mortality, including higher rates of hospital and intensive care admission. However, the possible association between fungal airway colonization with regard to sensitization remains controversial. <strong>Objectives:</strong> to investigate the presence of severe asthma with fungal sensitization among asthmatic patients and to find evidence of <em>Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) </em>role in severely asthmatic patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> this study investigated forty asthmatic patients and twenty controls. Demographic data of all subjects within the study was collected, as well as total serum IgE, <em>A.fumigatus</em> specific IgE and <em>A. fumigatus</em> galactomannan antigen ELISA test. <strong>Results:</strong> our results showed significant elevation of total IgE, <em>Aspergillus</em> specific IgE and <em>A. fumigatus</em> galactomannan antigen in 75% of severely asthmatic patients, compared to patients with mild asthma and negative values in control. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We report a high percent of <em>A. fumigatus</em> colonization among severely asthmatic patients. This supports the hypothesis of the role of fungal elements colonization in the airways of patients with severe asthma.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_293154_d05f1f0b9d59fd2d53e6d0a74528e1b0.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Resistance profile of bacteria isolated from the environment of high-risk departments in Ziguinchor hospitals63364027231210.21608/mid.2022.142801.1322ENHabibouSARRTraining and Research Unit in Health Sciences, Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor, Senegal0000-0002-5683-4763AissatouNIANGBacteriology - Virology Laboratory, CHNU of FANN Dakar. Bacteriology - Virology Laboratory, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, SenegalBaidyBaidyDIEYEBacteriology - Virology Laboratory, CHNU of FANN Dakar. Bacteriology - Virology Laboratory, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, SenegalFatoumataDIALLOBacteriology - Virology Laboratory, CHNU of FANN Dakar, SenegalAmadouDIOPBacteriology - Virology Laboratory, CHNU of FANN Dakar. Bacteriology - Virology Laboratory, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, SenegalMameNgoné ColyTraining and Research Unit in Health Sciences, Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor, SenegalAbdoulayeDiopTraining and Research Unit in Health Sciences, Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor, SenegalRokhayaDiagneTraining and Research Unit for Health Sciences, University of Thiès, SenegalSeynabouLoTraining and Research Unit of Health Sciences, Gaston Berger University, SenegalRoughyatouKaTraining and Research Unit for Health Sciences, University of Thiès, SenegalMouhamadou LamineDIABacteriology - Virology Laboratory, CHNU of FANN Dakar, Bacteriology - Virology Laboratory, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, SenegalAhmad IyaneSowBacteriology - Virology Laboratory, CHNU of FANN Dakar. Bacteriology - Virology Laboratory, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, Senegal.Journal Article20220604<strong>Background:</strong> The environment of our hospital facilities is colonised by various microorganisms. These microorganisms in general and bacteria in particular are often responsible for nosocomial infections. The occurrence of these infections is linked firstly to the lack of asepsis, secondly to the nature of the colonising bacteria and thirdly to the immune status of the patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition of the bacterial flora and to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of these bacteria. <strong>Methods :</strong> We proceeded to swab the surface of the work areas (table, bench, trolley, hospital bed, door wrist, gurney, incubator, respirator, etc.). The swabs were then soaked in a culture broth (Thioglycolate Broth or BT) for 18 to 24 hours before being plated on selective media for identification ; Chapman agar, EMB agar (Eosin Methylen Blue), GSN agar (Blood Agar + nalidixic acid), Sabouraud agar. <strong>Results: </strong>The isolated bacteria consisted mainly of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). Thus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-secreting bacteria represented 5.5% (8 strains) of the isolated bacteria were distributed as follows: <em>Enterobacter spp < /em> (25%, n=4) <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (12.5%, n=2) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (12.5%, n=2). Among the other BMR, we found <em>Acinetobacter spp < /em> (25%, n=4), <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (6.25%, n=1) and methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (18.75%, n=3). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Nosocomial infections are nowadays one of the main causes of prolonged hospital stay. The isolated bacteria of medical interest were mainly multidrug resistant bacteria. It is therefore imperative to respect the rules of hygiene during care and to evaluate the composition of the bacterial flora of the services in order to set up a strategic plan to fight against these infections.</em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_272312_e201785a500ab5566306fd313bb8da75.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Prevalence of transfusion transmitted infection among blood donors in Jigawa state, Nigeria64164722418710.21608/mid.2022.116412.1236ENBelloGarbaMedical laboratory department Hadejia general hospital, Jigawa State.USMANADAMUMedical laboratory department, Hadejia general hospital, Jigawa stateISMAILAHMEDDepartment of microbiology Kano state university of science and technology WudilDAN LARAIFAGWALAWADepartment of microbiology Kano state university of science and technology WudilJournal Article20220115<strong>Aim: </strong>The study was designed to determine seroprevalence of Transfusion transmissible diseases (TTD) among blood donors attending general hospitals in Jigawa Nigeria. <strong>Methods: </strong>Four hundred blood donors were screened for Malaria parasite, Hepatitis B viral surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Screening for malaria parasites was done by Microscopic examination of the stained blood slides. HBsAg and HCV were screened using rapid diagnostic test kits. ABO blood group of each donor was determined using a standard haemaglutination test. Demographic information and status of the donors was obtained through questionnaire administration. Data used in this study were collected from the cross sectional study. It was analysed using Microsoft excel 2013 and R software. <strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of malaria, HBsAg and HCV among the donors were 16.3%, 11.5% and 3.0% respectively. Blood donors of age group 18-25 years showed the highest prevalence of Malaria Parasites infection. Businessmen and Civil Servants showed the highest prevalence for malaria, HBsAg and HCV. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) were recorded in this study; hence advisably all blood donations should be screened for TTI before transfusion. https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_224187_046ad7b27566331e425ab7f33cca7fb5.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501A Bacteriological study on burn wound infections with implementation of the available infection control measures at the Burn Unit, Tanta University Hospital64865329126910.21608/mid.2023.194518.1467ENKareman AhmedEshraMedical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt0000-0002-5742-3843Ahmed MahmoudEl SharabyGeneral Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptRadwa MahmoudEl SharabyClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20230217<strong>Background:</strong> Burn wound infections represent a major health problem in hospitals as they increase the morbidity and mortality rates. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms in burn units has made the treatment of these infected wounds more difficult. <strong>Methods:</strong> We did microbiological isolation, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing for bacterial isolates in the burn unit and implemented infection control measures. <strong>Results:</strong> In our study, we isolated 50 (50%) <em>Stapylococcus.aureus (Staph. aureus)</em> isolates, 28 (28%) MDR <em>Pseudomonas.aeruginosa</em> (<em>P. aeruginosa) </em>isolates. 8 (8%) isolates were <em>non MDR P. aeruginosa</em>, 8 (8%) of the isolates were <em>MDR Klebsiella</em>, 2 (2%) were non-<em>MDR</em>, and 4(4%) were <em>E. coli</em> isolates. The percentage of MDR among <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates was 77.7%, and the MDR <em>Klebsiella</em> were 80 % of the <em>Klebsiella</em> isolates. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The most common bacterial cause of burn wound infection in the burn unit at Tanta University Hospital was <em>Staph. aureus</em>, followed by <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. Multi drug resistant<em> P. aeruginosa </em>and MDR <em>Klebsiella</em> play a role in burn wound infections in the burn unit at Tanta University Hospital.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_291269_7d2d3f720ae6929ffa579ae022e78408.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Biological activities of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn) ethanol extracts on bacteria associated with surface waters Akure, Nigeria65466622418210.21608/mid.2022.117972.1239ENDamilolaLawrenceDepartment of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Ondo State, NigeriaOlubukolaOlusola-makindeDepartment of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria00000-0001-9990-3805Journal Article20220123<strong>Background:</strong> There has been increasing antibiotic resistance by waterborne diseases related bacteria. Despite the use of various antibiotics, there is still a threat in the treatment of water-borne diseases. This study evaluated the antibacterial potentials of <em>Ocimum gratissimum</em> <em> (O. gratissimum) </em>on faecal bacteria associated with surface water. <strong>Methods:</strong> The collection, extraction, Gas chromatography, and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) of <em>O. gratissimum </em>leaves and enumeration of bacterial derivatives from surface water samples were conducted per specified protocols. Antibacterial susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of <em>O. gratissimum</em> extracts on bacteria isolates were conducted via agar well diffusion and tube dilution respectively. <strong>Results:</strong> The GC-MS revealed the presence of eugenol with the highest percentage composition of 33.0 % in ethanol extract, while γ-Terpinene had the highest percentage composition of 11.88% in aqueous extract. <em>Escherichia coli </em>and <em>Enterococcus faecalis </em>were the faecal bacteria observed. <em>Escherichia coli</em> had an inhibition zone of 23.67 mm and 30.67 mm at 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml on <em>O. gratissimum</em> aqueous extract respectively, while ethanol extracts were inhibited mostly with an inhibition range of 26.67 mm - 30.32 mm. The MIC obtained varied from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml, the MBC was constant at 100 mg/ml for all bacterial isolates. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Findings revealed that the ethanol extract of <em>O. gratissimum </em>leaf can be employed in the management of the faecal indicator bacteria observed in this study. Eugenol could be used explored for contemporary antibacterial studies to combat water-borne bacteria.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_224182_06c189bf70a765b94edfe767db78e062.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Prevalence of Entameba histolytica , Gardia lambeli and Entameba coli infection associated with risk factors in Khartoum state-Sudan66767025260010.21608/mid.2022.149949.1344ENNazik Mohammed Hassan MohamedAli EltoumDepartment of Medical parasitology and Medical entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, SudanMohanad ElhadiElfadul MubarkDepartment of Medical parasitology and Medical entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, SudanJamila YousifLowaty LowbaDepartment of Medical parasitology and Medical entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, SudanAbdelsalam BasheirSatti MohamedDepartment of Medical parasitology and Medical entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, SudanAlkhair Abd AlmahmoudIdrisAhfad University for Womenhttps://orcid.org/00Journal Article20220710<strong>Background: </strong> Intestinal protozoan infections are common among children. <strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence of <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em>, <em>Giardia lamblia</em> and <em>Entamoeba coli</em> infection associated with risk factors in Khartoum state. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was cross section study conducted in Khartoum state (Om Elhessin center) included300 individual form different age groups of both male and females, stool samples were collected and analyzed according to the standard methods. <strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of <em>Giardia lamblia</em> was highest 50% compared with <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> 26% and <em>Entamoeba coli</em> 23%, the highest prevalence in age groups 5-15 years i.e., 43%, 15-25 years 32% and above than 25 years 25%, the rate of infection was highest among illiterates 46%, primary education 41% and lowest in secondary education 13%. The results showed that males were 68.4% higher than female which constituted 31.6%. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoa (<em>Entamoeba histolytica</em>, <em>Giardia lamblia</em> and <em>Entamoeba coli</em>) in this study 40%, where the infection it highest among age group 5-15years, males were higher than females and the rate of infection is most frequency among illiterates.https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_252600_543af2461b6a961ac4a92ca0d08b851f.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Prevalence of malaria and typhoid fever co-infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria67168026070610.21608/mid.2022.161413.1380ENMartin-LutherOkoloDepartment of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, NigeriaKikelomoAdeshinaDepartment of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, NigeriaCorneliusOmatolaDepartment of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria0000-0002-5928-7240IdacheMudiDepartment of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Kogi State University, Anyigba, NigeriaEleojoUgbaneFederal Medical Center, Lokoja, NigeriaJournal Article20220907<strong>Background:</strong> Malaria and typhoid fever are among the most common infectious diseases in Nigeria and other developing countries where opportunities for transmission are wide-ranging. In pregnancy, concurrent infection by malaria and typhoid fever has significant clinical and public health implications such as spontaneous abortion and mortality. This study determined the prevalence of malaria, typhoid fever co-infection, and socio-demographic determinant among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anyigba, Kogi State. <strong>Method:</strong> Blood samples from 100 consented pregnant women were screened for malaria parasite using CareStart rapid malaria diagnostic test kit and Giemsa-stained thick film microscopy while typhoid fever etiology was assessed using a commercial Widal agglutination test kit. <strong>Result:</strong> Of the 100 pregnant women screened, 19(40%) had malaria, 23(47%) had typhoid fever and 6(13%) had co-infection. Prevalence of malaria in pregnant women was high in the age group 25-29 years 10(52.6%), trader 7(36.8%), secondary education 8(42.1%), and people from rural areas 12(63.2%). Similarly, a high prevalence of typhoid was found among ages 25-29years 9(39.1%), traders 13(56.5%), secondary education 15(65.2%), and rural residents 16(69.6%). Also, co-infection was high among women with age 25-29 years 2(33.3%), trader 3(50%), secondary education 3(50%), and women from rural areas 4(66.7%). However, neither malaria, typhoid nor their co-infection was significantly associated with any of the above factors (<em>p < /em>>0.05). Similarly, putative risk factors such as (residential areas with bushes, stagnant water, use of mosquito net or spray, source of drinking water, and food intake) were not significantly associated with the infections (<em>p < /em>>0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Findings from the current study suggest both malaria and typhoid remain a disease of public health concern in pregnancy in the study area. Considering the adverse effects of both diseases on pregnancy and associated sequelae, there is a need for more efforts toward its prevention, control, and management.</em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_260706_ffb4cd87310f861369a134b2c0699e24.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis among women of child bearing age in Gombe metropolis, Gombe state, Nigeria68169425405610.21608/mid.2022.147764.1342ENSamirah AwakDavidDepartment of microbiology,Faculty of Natural sciences, university of jos, plateau state NigeriaSantaya LaritKelaDepartment of Biological Sciences Federal University Kashere Gombe State, NigeriaJude YunzoomNkupDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos0000-0001-8609-8384Nanya AmosCirfatDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, NigeriaJournal Article20220704<strong>Background: </strong>Toxoplasmosis due to <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> <em>(T. gondii)</em> is one of the major global zoonotic diseases that affect man and other animals. About 30% to 65% of all person’s worldwide are exposed to <em>T. gondii</em>. <strong>Aim:</strong> This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis among women of childbearing age attending Women and Children Hospital in Gombe metropolis, Nigeria. <strong>Method and Results:</strong> Five (5) mls of venous blood was each collected from the 182 women who consented for the study and transferred into a labeled EDTA container. Samples were then centrifuged at 1400rmp for 10 minutes to obtain plasma and stored at -20°C in a refrigerator. Samples were subsequently analyzed using human <em>T. gondii</em> Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) detection kits (Voyage Medical Co., LTD China, Hong Kong; Batch No: 20200213). Information on sociodemographic and risk factors of all the consented women were collected using structured questionnaire. Of the 182 women who participated in the study, 39 (21.43 %) were positive for anti <em>T.gondii </em>IgG antibodies and 0 (0.00 %) IgM specific antibodies were detected. Risk factors to <em>T. gondii</em> infection were assessed using structured questionnaire, ethnic groups and educational attainment showed that they were statistically significant (<em>p < /em><0.05). Similarly, infection with <em>T. gondii</em> among those who consumed beef, fish, goat, chicken, and other form of meat (dog, rat, and pork) was assessed. Those who consumed other forms of meat were found to have statistically significant association with <em>T. gondii</em> infection (<em>p < /em> <0.05). Consumption of suya (roasted meat), pasteurized or unpasteurized milk, washing vegetables and water source were not significantly associated with <em>T. gondii </em>seropositivity (<em>p < /em> <0.05). Also, there was no statistical association between owning a cat, cleaning of cat excretes and handling of pet animals and <em>T. gondii</em> infection. Number of miscarriages was however significantly associated with <em>T. gondii </em>sero-positivity (<em>p < /em> <0.05). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to <em>T. gondii </em>among women reported in this study indicates past exposure to the parasite, therefore, routine serological screening of women of childbearing age and health education on the prevention and control of <em>T. gondii</em> are strongly recommended</em></em></em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_254056_7b8d0eec16b2c7e0905aa6e82a53dfad.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of MedicineMicrobes and Infectious Diseases2682-41324220230501Prevalence, intensity, and risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children in Silame, Sokoto, Nigeria69570325648110.21608/mid.2022.155035.1365ENSolomon MatthiasGamdeHealth Initiative for Safety and Stability in Africa. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Jos, Nigeria0000-0002-7631-8782AminuGarbaNational Health Insurance Scheme Authority, Sokoto State Office, NigeriaPrincewillTongvwamDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Jos, NigeriaSolomon DashalGamdeDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, NigeriaDaniel DansyAgomHospital Services Management Board Sokoto, NigeriaIsaacIgbinosaHospital Services Management Board Sokoto, NigeriaJournal Article20220808<strong>Background:</strong> Nigeria is the global hotspot for schistosomiasisdespite several rounds of school-based preventive chemotherapy because reliable data regarding its geographical distribution are lacking and there is a need to know the current prevalence for the control plans. <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to determine the current prevalence, intensity, and risk factors for urinary schistosomiasis among vulnerable primary school children in Silame, Sokoto, Nigeria. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional laboratory-based study was carried out in April 2021 on 188 primary school children in Silame, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Urine samples were collected and examined using the sedimentation technique for the presence of <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> eggs. Hematuria was tested using a urine dipstick. <strong>Results:</strong> Overall, 40 (21.3%) were positive for urinary <em>schistosomiasis</em> with a mean geometric count of 452 eggs/10 ml of urine. Gender was associated (<em>p < /em>=0.0036) with <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> infection and males 27 (14.4%) recorded higher prevalence than females 13 (6.9%). Hematuria was significantly associated with <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> infection (<em>p < /em><0.001) and males (13.8%) recorded higher frequency than females (7.5%). Participants with light intensity of infections 26 (65%) were more than moderate 12 (30%), and heavy infections 2 (5%). Factors significantly associated with <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> infection are gender (<em>p < /em>=0.0036) and water source (<em>p < /em><0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed that a significant number of primary school children in Silame suffer from urinary schistosomiasis. Males are at higher risk of infections than females. Strengthening schistosomiasis surveillance systems to identify hotspots, sustainable chemotherapeutic intervention, and improving health education reduces schistosomiasis prevalence.</em></em></em></em>https://mid.journals.ekb.eg/article_256481_1713f30106a955064ca63ad0b7f72e1e.pdf