Review of hand foot mouth disease

Jayakumar, Karthika; Jayakumar, Priya; Suppiah, Vidyaa Nayaki; Sunilkumar, Jada

doi:10.21608/mid.2023.201784.1491

Review of hand foot mouth disease

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

¹ Prof and Head of Dept, Dept of Microbiology, SSSMCRI, Thiruporur

² Senior Lecturer, Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandran Institute of Higher Education and Research

³ Department of Microbiology, SSSMCRI -SBV

⁴ Assistant professor, SVS Medical College and Hospital, Opposite to Union bank of India Yenugonda, Mahabubnagar-509001, Telengana, India

10.21608/mid.2023.201784.1491

Abstract

Background: Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD), a disease of childhood is also reported in adults caused by Coxsackie virus A type 16. Clinical condition is characterized by vesicular eruptive lesion in mouth, hand, foot, buttock, or genitalia. Coxsackie virus is a member of picoranaviridae family that includes non-enveloped SSRNA viruses. Spread in humans in the case of HFMD is through oral route, by the shed virus from intestine of infected person or through upper respiratory tract by the secretions or vesicle fluid of the diseased individual. Incubation period is 3 to 6 days. Diagnosis of HFMD most of the time is based clinically depending on the patient’s age, symptoms and clinical presentation of rash. Samples include stool, oral samples, biopsy & vesicular scrapings. Viral culture is the gold standard. Treatment is mainly supportive, to maintain hydration, acetaminophen and NSAIDS to reduce temperature. Novel agents like pleconaril play a vital role in the management of viral infection cases. Hand hygiene is the main stay of prevention.

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